Control Structures in C: If-Else, Switch, and Loops Explained with Examples

Control Structures in C
Control structures in C are used to control the flow of execution in a program.
They allow you to make decisions, repeat actions, and control the sequence of
operations. The main types of control structures in C are decision-making, loops,
and branching.

1. Decision-Making Statements
Decision-making statements are used to make decisions in your program, allowing
it to choose different paths based on conditions.

1.1 if Statement

The if statement allows you to execute a block of code only if a specific condition
is true.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 10;

if (num > 0) {
printf("Number is positive.\n");
}

return 0;
}

In the example above, if the condition num > 0 is true, the code inside the if block
will execute.

1.2 if-else Statement

The if-else statement allows you to execute one block of code if the condition is
true and another block if the condition is false.

, #include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = -5;

if (num > 0) {
printf("Number is positive.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is negative or zero.\n");
}

return 0;
}

1.3 if-else if Ladder

The if-else if ladder allows you to test multiple conditions and execute different
blocks of code based on which condition is true.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 0;

if (num > 0) {
printf("Number is positive.\n");
} else if (num < 0) {
printf("Number is negative.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is zero.\n");
}

return 0;
}