🛖
Gene Regulation
Created @February 19, 2025 8:10 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Cells able to change gene expression
Skin cell can be manipulated, transitioning into a tadpole. Genomes can be
reprogrammed according to motives. Gene expression must be controlled and
regulated, but other genes can be unexpressed entirely
Factors Controlling Cellular Protein Quantity/ Activity
Amount of primary RNA transcript made (Full control over everything else
that follows)
Pre-mRNA processing into mRNA
Degradation rate of mRNA (How much mRNA is present)
Protein quantity produced from mRNA
Protein activity being altered
Efficiency of protein travelling to specific location
Degradation rate of protein
Constitutive Genes
Essential part in cells
Gene Regulation 1
, Performs housekeeping function
Constantly expressed
always active
Conserved regions- Areas that are unchanged
TTGACA/TATAAT- Highly conserved areas
UP element assists in recognition of the polymerase
Regulation at Transcription Initiation
(+/-) Encourages interaction of RNA polymerase
(-) Hinders/ controls access of RNA Polymerase to promoter
(+) Activators used to enhance polymerase- promoter activity
Main Mechanisms in Regulating Transcription in Bacteria
Sigma 70/ sigma 32 (Sigma factor)
Recognises different promoter classes
Allows for different gene set coordinated expression
Binding Transcription Factors (Other Proteins) to Promoters
Recognises promoters of certain genes
Accessory proteins
Positive or negative influence
Gene Regulation 2
Gene Regulation
Created @February 19, 2025 8:10 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Cells able to change gene expression
Skin cell can be manipulated, transitioning into a tadpole. Genomes can be
reprogrammed according to motives. Gene expression must be controlled and
regulated, but other genes can be unexpressed entirely
Factors Controlling Cellular Protein Quantity/ Activity
Amount of primary RNA transcript made (Full control over everything else
that follows)
Pre-mRNA processing into mRNA
Degradation rate of mRNA (How much mRNA is present)
Protein quantity produced from mRNA
Protein activity being altered
Efficiency of protein travelling to specific location
Degradation rate of protein
Constitutive Genes
Essential part in cells
Gene Regulation 1
, Performs housekeeping function
Constantly expressed
always active
Conserved regions- Areas that are unchanged
TTGACA/TATAAT- Highly conserved areas
UP element assists in recognition of the polymerase
Regulation at Transcription Initiation
(+/-) Encourages interaction of RNA polymerase
(-) Hinders/ controls access of RNA Polymerase to promoter
(+) Activators used to enhance polymerase- promoter activity
Main Mechanisms in Regulating Transcription in Bacteria
Sigma 70/ sigma 32 (Sigma factor)
Recognises different promoter classes
Allows for different gene set coordinated expression
Binding Transcription Factors (Other Proteins) to Promoters
Recognises promoters of certain genes
Accessory proteins
Positive or negative influence
Gene Regulation 2
