ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND
PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED
ANSWERS!!
1 of 60
Term
A 55-year-old male expresses concern about his inability to maintain
an erection that allows for satisfactory sexual intercourse with his
wife. He takes over-the-counter diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at night
for sleep and takes a daily multivitamin. He says he drinks one 12-
ounce beer 2-3 times per week. A physical examination is normal,
including his blood pressure.Which one of the following would you
tell him?
Most cases of erectile dysfunction (ED) have a psychogenic etiology
Diphenhydramine has little impact on his ED
,Abstaining from alcohol use will improve his symptoms
Erectile dysfunction may be an early indication of vascular disease
About 5% of men his age experience ED
Give this one a try later!
C
Cocaine and amphetamines (such as methamphetamine) are the most commonly
abused stimulants. Detoxification involves interventions targeted at managing
the acute intoxication, as well as the withdrawal period. It is the first step for
patients who wish to become abstinent or who are in mandatory abstinence
programs. In contrast, treatment or rehabilitation is the provision of ongoing
services with the goal of promoting recovery.Family physicians are often called
on to assist in detoxification in both outpatient and inpatient settings. In addition
to detoxification the physician must address comorbid psychiatric illness and
general medical disease. Comprehensive psychiatric management is the
cornerstone of substance abuse treatment (SOR A) and will usually necessitate
referral. Treatment programs should also integrate psychosocial aspects of care
in a comprehensive treatment strategy.The symptoms of withdrawal from
methamphetamine differ from those of alcohol, opioids, or sedatives. Common
symptoms include fatigue, anxiety, irritability, depression, poor concentration,
hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, increased appetite, drug craving, and
paranoia.Acamprosate is used for the management of alcohol dependence and
is not indicated for stimulant addiction. Buprenorphine is approved for opioid
dependence and has been used in some studies for stimulant addiction. In these
studies it was more beneficial than methadone. There is limited evidence that
some medications may be helpful in amphetamine dependence and abuse. An
international study suggests using risperidone, aripiprazole, topiramate, and
buprenorphine in certain situations. Haloperidol and risperidone reduced
psychosis. Riluzole, a drug approved for treatment of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), reduced craving, withdrawal, and depression compared with
place
,C
Although aerobic exercise has traditionally been emphasized for its health
benefits, research increasingly suggests that complementary resistance training
also has favorable effects on cardiovascular function, coronary risk factors, and
physical and psychosocial well-being. The American Heart Association
recommends the inclusion of resistance training for healthy persons of all ages,
and for many patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease
(SOR C). Programs that include a single set of 8-10 different exercises performed
2-3 days a week have been shown to be beneficial. Although a greater frequency
of training is an option, the additional gain is usually small.While the number of
exercises can be reduced, training the front and back of major muscle groups
(e.g., chest/back, biceps/triceps) is recommended. A repetition range of 8-12 is
recommended for healthy participants younger than 50-60 years of age. To
reduce the risk for injury, 10-15 repetitions at a lower relative resistance is
generally recommended for cardiac patients and healthy participants over 50-60
years of age. Higher-intensity efforts (fewer repetitions with heavier weights)
increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury.The American College of Sports
Medicine recommends that older adults perform the following each week: a
minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of
vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, and two or more nonconsecutive days of
moderate-intensity strengthening activities, with 8-10 exercises involving the
major muscle groups and 8-12 repetitions of each exercise.
D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including conception
delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased risk of ectopic
pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of abruption, preterm
rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature delivery; and increased
perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth, low birth weight, and SIDS-
related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's Report on women and smoking
makes it clear that stopping smoking during pregnancy reduces and sometimes
eliminates many of these consequences.Small for gestational age (SGA) infants
are a dose-dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with an odds ratio (OR) of
2.11 when women smoke throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR 1.15)
and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased. The risk of having an SGA infant is
avoided if smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity and increased fetal
death are not.In 2014 the U.S. Surgeon General issued a new report on the health
consequences of smoking that noted that the evidence was strong enough to
infer a causal link between maternal smoking and orofacial clefts. This was still
true when the Surgeon General issued a report on smoking cessation in 2020. No
, link could be inferred, however, between smoking and other congenital defects,
including clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal defects. There is no evidence
that maternal smoking leads to increased rates of childhood attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an estimated 30 million men
in the United States, and becomes more common with advancing age. The
Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported moderate to severe ED in
12% of men younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and 30% of men
older than 69.It was previously thought that the majority of cases of ED
were caused by psychogenic factors such as family or occupational stress.
However, evidence suggests that approximately 80% of ED is due to
organic disease, which can be divided into hormonal, vasculogenic, and
neurogenic causes. Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common, with
arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for more problems than venous
disorders. The patient should be advised that their ED is a risk factor for
underlying cardiovascular disease and that further evaluation may be
appropriate. It is important to remember, however, that even though the
primary etiology of ED is most often organic, psychological factors
frequently coexist and play a role in the dysfunction.Many medications can
cause or contribute to ED. It is estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases
are due to medication side effects. This highlights the crucial role of the
primary care physician in reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED. Common offenders include
antihistamines, antihypertensives and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
and spironolactone, psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and anti-
epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether low amounts of alcohol cause
erectile dysfunction.
Don't know?
2 of 60
Term
Your clinic is planning for administration of this year's influenza
vaccine. Which one of the following statements is true?
PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED
ANSWERS!!
1 of 60
Term
A 55-year-old male expresses concern about his inability to maintain
an erection that allows for satisfactory sexual intercourse with his
wife. He takes over-the-counter diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at night
for sleep and takes a daily multivitamin. He says he drinks one 12-
ounce beer 2-3 times per week. A physical examination is normal,
including his blood pressure.Which one of the following would you
tell him?
Most cases of erectile dysfunction (ED) have a psychogenic etiology
Diphenhydramine has little impact on his ED
,Abstaining from alcohol use will improve his symptoms
Erectile dysfunction may be an early indication of vascular disease
About 5% of men his age experience ED
Give this one a try later!
C
Cocaine and amphetamines (such as methamphetamine) are the most commonly
abused stimulants. Detoxification involves interventions targeted at managing
the acute intoxication, as well as the withdrawal period. It is the first step for
patients who wish to become abstinent or who are in mandatory abstinence
programs. In contrast, treatment or rehabilitation is the provision of ongoing
services with the goal of promoting recovery.Family physicians are often called
on to assist in detoxification in both outpatient and inpatient settings. In addition
to detoxification the physician must address comorbid psychiatric illness and
general medical disease. Comprehensive psychiatric management is the
cornerstone of substance abuse treatment (SOR A) and will usually necessitate
referral. Treatment programs should also integrate psychosocial aspects of care
in a comprehensive treatment strategy.The symptoms of withdrawal from
methamphetamine differ from those of alcohol, opioids, or sedatives. Common
symptoms include fatigue, anxiety, irritability, depression, poor concentration,
hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, increased appetite, drug craving, and
paranoia.Acamprosate is used for the management of alcohol dependence and
is not indicated for stimulant addiction. Buprenorphine is approved for opioid
dependence and has been used in some studies for stimulant addiction. In these
studies it was more beneficial than methadone. There is limited evidence that
some medications may be helpful in amphetamine dependence and abuse. An
international study suggests using risperidone, aripiprazole, topiramate, and
buprenorphine in certain situations. Haloperidol and risperidone reduced
psychosis. Riluzole, a drug approved for treatment of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), reduced craving, withdrawal, and depression compared with
place
,C
Although aerobic exercise has traditionally been emphasized for its health
benefits, research increasingly suggests that complementary resistance training
also has favorable effects on cardiovascular function, coronary risk factors, and
physical and psychosocial well-being. The American Heart Association
recommends the inclusion of resistance training for healthy persons of all ages,
and for many patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease
(SOR C). Programs that include a single set of 8-10 different exercises performed
2-3 days a week have been shown to be beneficial. Although a greater frequency
of training is an option, the additional gain is usually small.While the number of
exercises can be reduced, training the front and back of major muscle groups
(e.g., chest/back, biceps/triceps) is recommended. A repetition range of 8-12 is
recommended for healthy participants younger than 50-60 years of age. To
reduce the risk for injury, 10-15 repetitions at a lower relative resistance is
generally recommended for cardiac patients and healthy participants over 50-60
years of age. Higher-intensity efforts (fewer repetitions with heavier weights)
increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury.The American College of Sports
Medicine recommends that older adults perform the following each week: a
minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of
vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, and two or more nonconsecutive days of
moderate-intensity strengthening activities, with 8-10 exercises involving the
major muscle groups and 8-12 repetitions of each exercise.
D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including conception
delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased risk of ectopic
pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of abruption, preterm
rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature delivery; and increased
perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth, low birth weight, and SIDS-
related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's Report on women and smoking
makes it clear that stopping smoking during pregnancy reduces and sometimes
eliminates many of these consequences.Small for gestational age (SGA) infants
are a dose-dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with an odds ratio (OR) of
2.11 when women smoke throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR 1.15)
and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased. The risk of having an SGA infant is
avoided if smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity and increased fetal
death are not.In 2014 the U.S. Surgeon General issued a new report on the health
consequences of smoking that noted that the evidence was strong enough to
infer a causal link between maternal smoking and orofacial clefts. This was still
true when the Surgeon General issued a report on smoking cessation in 2020. No
, link could be inferred, however, between smoking and other congenital defects,
including clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal defects. There is no evidence
that maternal smoking leads to increased rates of childhood attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an estimated 30 million men
in the United States, and becomes more common with advancing age. The
Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported moderate to severe ED in
12% of men younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and 30% of men
older than 69.It was previously thought that the majority of cases of ED
were caused by psychogenic factors such as family or occupational stress.
However, evidence suggests that approximately 80% of ED is due to
organic disease, which can be divided into hormonal, vasculogenic, and
neurogenic causes. Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common, with
arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for more problems than venous
disorders. The patient should be advised that their ED is a risk factor for
underlying cardiovascular disease and that further evaluation may be
appropriate. It is important to remember, however, that even though the
primary etiology of ED is most often organic, psychological factors
frequently coexist and play a role in the dysfunction.Many medications can
cause or contribute to ED. It is estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases
are due to medication side effects. This highlights the crucial role of the
primary care physician in reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED. Common offenders include
antihistamines, antihypertensives and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
and spironolactone, psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and anti-
epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether low amounts of alcohol cause
erectile dysfunction.
Don't know?
2 of 60
Term
Your clinic is planning for administration of this year's influenza
vaccine. Which one of the following statements is true?
