Organic Chemistry 2024
"-oate" - ansNomenclature for the acid group in an ester.
"-yl" - ansNomenclature for the alchohol group in an ester.
Alcohols - ansOrganic compounds that contain the hydroxyl group (R-OH). Noted by the the suffix "-ol"
Aldehydes - ansHydrocarbon derivatves in which two of the hydrogen atoms, attached to a terminal carbon,
have been replaced by a double-bonded oxygen atom (carbonyl group). Noted by the suffix "-al"
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon - ansA saturated hydrocarbon that contains only hydrogen (the maximum number) and
carbon. Does not contain benzene ring.
Alkane - ansSaturated hydrocarbons (containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds); derivatives of methane.
Noted by the suffix "-ane" and sometimes by the prefix "cyclo-"
Alkanes - ans(CnH2n+2)
Alkene - ansUnsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Noted by the
suffix "-ene"
Alkyne - ansUnsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Noted by the suffix "-
yne"
Amides - ansOrganic compounds whose molecules have a carbonyl nitrogen bond. They are the product
formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.
Amines - ansOrganic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more of its hydrogen atoms
by one or more hydrocarbon radicals (R-NH-R). Noted by the prefix "amino-"
, Aromatic Hydrocarbon - ansContain at least one benzene ring or similar structural features.
Atomic Structure of Carbon - ansAtomic Number = 6, Protons = 6, Electrons = 6, Atomic Weight = 12.0.
Electrons in first energy level = 2; second energy level = 4.
Benzene - ansConsists of a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds.
Bonding: Carbon to Hydrogen or Halogens - ansShares one electron.
Bonding: Carbon to Nitrogen - ansShares up to three electrons
Bonding: Carbon to Oxygen or Sulfur - ansShares up to two electrons.
But- - ansPrefix - 4 carbons.
Carbon - ansAn element that has the capacity to share four electrons in order to achieve a more stable
configuration.
Carboxylic Acids - ansOrganic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, also referred to as organic
acids. Noted by the suffix "-oic acid"
Cis-trans Isomerism - ansThe formation of cis-trans isomers is a consequence of the absence of free rotation.
Geometric isomers that only differ from each other in the 3-dimensional arrangement of the substituents in
space. They have identical bonding and substituents.
Classification: Primary - ans(1°) Carbons that are covalently bonded to one other carbon. They are at the end of
a carbon chain and referred to as terminal carbons.
"-oate" - ansNomenclature for the acid group in an ester.
"-yl" - ansNomenclature for the alchohol group in an ester.
Alcohols - ansOrganic compounds that contain the hydroxyl group (R-OH). Noted by the the suffix "-ol"
Aldehydes - ansHydrocarbon derivatves in which two of the hydrogen atoms, attached to a terminal carbon,
have been replaced by a double-bonded oxygen atom (carbonyl group). Noted by the suffix "-al"
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon - ansA saturated hydrocarbon that contains only hydrogen (the maximum number) and
carbon. Does not contain benzene ring.
Alkane - ansSaturated hydrocarbons (containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds); derivatives of methane.
Noted by the suffix "-ane" and sometimes by the prefix "cyclo-"
Alkanes - ans(CnH2n+2)
Alkene - ansUnsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Noted by the
suffix "-ene"
Alkyne - ansUnsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Noted by the suffix "-
yne"
Amides - ansOrganic compounds whose molecules have a carbonyl nitrogen bond. They are the product
formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.
Amines - ansOrganic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more of its hydrogen atoms
by one or more hydrocarbon radicals (R-NH-R). Noted by the prefix "amino-"
, Aromatic Hydrocarbon - ansContain at least one benzene ring or similar structural features.
Atomic Structure of Carbon - ansAtomic Number = 6, Protons = 6, Electrons = 6, Atomic Weight = 12.0.
Electrons in first energy level = 2; second energy level = 4.
Benzene - ansConsists of a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds.
Bonding: Carbon to Hydrogen or Halogens - ansShares one electron.
Bonding: Carbon to Nitrogen - ansShares up to three electrons
Bonding: Carbon to Oxygen or Sulfur - ansShares up to two electrons.
But- - ansPrefix - 4 carbons.
Carbon - ansAn element that has the capacity to share four electrons in order to achieve a more stable
configuration.
Carboxylic Acids - ansOrganic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, also referred to as organic
acids. Noted by the suffix "-oic acid"
Cis-trans Isomerism - ansThe formation of cis-trans isomers is a consequence of the absence of free rotation.
Geometric isomers that only differ from each other in the 3-dimensional arrangement of the substituents in
space. They have identical bonding and substituents.
Classification: Primary - ans(1°) Carbons that are covalently bonded to one other carbon. They are at the end of
a carbon chain and referred to as terminal carbons.
