EDEXCEL A LEVEL POLITICS NATIONALISM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
19thvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
basedvonvculturalvsurroundings,vincreasingvindependencev(belguimv1831,vgreecev1829)
20thvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
frenchvrevolution,vunificationvinvitaly,v1919vtreatyvofvversailles,vconservativevnationalismvgrewv(hitler)
21stvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-nazism,vfascism,vre-
emergencevofvnativismv(makevamericavgreatvagain)
SelfvDeterminationv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Nationsvwhichvaspirevtovselfvgovernmentvshouldvbevgrantedvsovereignty
Statesvshouldvrespectvthevsovereigntyvofveachvnation
StartedvwithvJeans-JacquesvRousseauvasvavreactionvtovabsolutistsvmonarchy
Atvthevtime,vmanyvcountriesvwerevcoloniesvofvempiresvsovdidn'tvhavevit
Becamevmorevimportantvinvthev19thvcenturyvasvmorevempiresvwerevdismantled
NationvStatev-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Avgroupvofvpeoplevwhovhavevavcollectivevidentityvinvavgeographicalvareavwithvclearvboundariesvwhichvbeco
mesvavpoliticalventity
Liberalvnationalistsv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-worldvofvnationvstates
Chauvinisticvnationalistsv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
somevnationsvarevstrongervandvarevthevonlyvonevwhovshouldvbenefitv-
vothervnationsvshouldvacceptvtheirvpositionvasvcolonies
Multinationalvstatesv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-havevmorevthanv1vnationvwithinvthem
Notvallvhavevavsinglevnationalvidentityv-
vtheirvunityvisvbasedvonvpoliticalvviewsv(british/english/scottish/irish)
Somevnationsvexistvwithinvanothervnationvstatevandvonlyvwantvrespectvforvtheirvculturev(wales)
, Selfvdeterminationvv.vcolonialismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
becomingvanvempirevhasvbeenvthevaimvofvmonarchsvandvcountriesvthroughoutvhistory
Civilvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
avformvofvnationalismvbasedvonvavsharedvvisionvofvanvindividual'svdutyvtovobservevgivenvlawsvandvinvturnvre
ceivevlegalvprivileges
Johannvgottfriedvvonvherdervsaidvthatveachvnationvhasvitsvownvvolksgeistv-
vthevspiritvofvthevnation,vavuniquevidentityvbasedvonvuniquevexperiences,vhistoryvandvculture
Expansionistvnationalistv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
thevideavthatvonevnation'svvolksgeistvcanvbevsuperiorvtovthatvofvothervnations,vthereforevjustifyingvimperiali
smvandvdomination
Herdervrejectedvthisvidea,vwritingvthatv'notwithstandingvthevvarietiesvofvthevhumanvform,vtherevisvbutvonev
andvthevsamevspeciesvofvmanvthroughoutvearth'
takesvtimevtovdevelopvbecausevsomeonevmayvknowvthevlanguagevandvbevavcitizenvbyvitvmayvtakevyearsvofva
bsorbingvthevculturevtovbevgenuinev
peoplevwantvtovprotectvavnation'svuniquevculture,vwithoutvnecessarilyvfocussingvonvspecificvambitionsvforvs
tatehood,vforvexamplevwalesvwantvwelshvtovbevrecognisedvasvavlanguagevbutvaren'tvasvbotheredvbyvindepe
ndencevasvscotland
Itvlinksvtovpatriotismvasvitvmayvresultvinvavwillingnessvtovmakevsacrificesvtovpromotevthevcountry'svbestvinter
ests
Racialismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Thevbeliefvthatvallvmembersvofveachvracevpossessvcharacteristics,vabilitiesvorvqualitiesvspecificvtovthatvrace,v
especiallyvsovasvtovdistinguishvitvasvinferiorvorvsuperiorvtovanothervrace
Ideasvarevrootedvinvthevbeliefvthatvhumanityvisvnotvonevsinglevhumanvrace,vbutvcanvbevmeaningfullyvdivide
dvintovseparatevraces
Thevdifferencesvbetweenvracesvarevbiologicalvandvfixed
Thevdifferentvtraitsvmakevcertainvracesvgood/badvatvthingsvwhichvcreatesvavhierarchy
Thenvracialvsegregationvisvusedvtovpreventv'pollution'
Internationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-peoplevofvthevworldvshouldvunitevandvconnectvacrossvboundaries
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
19thvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
basedvonvculturalvsurroundings,vincreasingvindependencev(belguimv1831,vgreecev1829)
20thvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
frenchvrevolution,vunificationvinvitaly,v1919vtreatyvofvversailles,vconservativevnationalismvgrewv(hitler)
21stvcenturyvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-nazism,vfascism,vre-
emergencevofvnativismv(makevamericavgreatvagain)
SelfvDeterminationv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Nationsvwhichvaspirevtovselfvgovernmentvshouldvbevgrantedvsovereignty
Statesvshouldvrespectvthevsovereigntyvofveachvnation
StartedvwithvJeans-JacquesvRousseauvasvavreactionvtovabsolutistsvmonarchy
Atvthevtime,vmanyvcountriesvwerevcoloniesvofvempiresvsovdidn'tvhavevit
Becamevmorevimportantvinvthev19thvcenturyvasvmorevempiresvwerevdismantled
NationvStatev-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Avgroupvofvpeoplevwhovhavevavcollectivevidentityvinvavgeographicalvareavwithvclearvboundariesvwhichvbeco
mesvavpoliticalventity
Liberalvnationalistsv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-worldvofvnationvstates
Chauvinisticvnationalistsv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
somevnationsvarevstrongervandvarevthevonlyvonevwhovshouldvbenefitv-
vothervnationsvshouldvacceptvtheirvpositionvasvcolonies
Multinationalvstatesv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-havevmorevthanv1vnationvwithinvthem
Notvallvhavevavsinglevnationalvidentityv-
vtheirvunityvisvbasedvonvpoliticalvviewsv(british/english/scottish/irish)
Somevnationsvexistvwithinvanothervnationvstatevandvonlyvwantvrespectvforvtheirvculturev(wales)
, Selfvdeterminationvv.vcolonialismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
becomingvanvempirevhasvbeenvthevaimvofvmonarchsvandvcountriesvthroughoutvhistory
Civilvnationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
avformvofvnationalismvbasedvonvavsharedvvisionvofvanvindividual'svdutyvtovobservevgivenvlawsvandvinvturnvre
ceivevlegalvprivileges
Johannvgottfriedvvonvherdervsaidvthatveachvnationvhasvitsvownvvolksgeistv-
vthevspiritvofvthevnation,vavuniquevidentityvbasedvonvuniquevexperiences,vhistoryvandvculture
Expansionistvnationalistv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
thevideavthatvonevnation'svvolksgeistvcanvbevsuperiorvtovthatvofvothervnations,vthereforevjustifyingvimperiali
smvandvdomination
Herdervrejectedvthisvidea,vwritingvthatv'notwithstandingvthevvarietiesvofvthevhumanvform,vtherevisvbutvonev
andvthevsamevspeciesvofvmanvthroughoutvearth'
takesvtimevtovdevelopvbecausevsomeonevmayvknowvthevlanguagevandvbevavcitizenvbyvitvmayvtakevyearsvofva
bsorbingvthevculturevtovbevgenuinev
peoplevwantvtovprotectvavnation'svuniquevculture,vwithoutvnecessarilyvfocussingvonvspecificvambitionsvforvs
tatehood,vforvexamplevwalesvwantvwelshvtovbevrecognisedvasvavlanguagevbutvaren'tvasvbotheredvbyvindepe
ndencevasvscotland
Itvlinksvtovpatriotismvasvitvmayvresultvinvavwillingnessvtovmakevsacrificesvtovpromotevthevcountry'svbestvinter
ests
Racialismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-
Thevbeliefvthatvallvmembersvofveachvracevpossessvcharacteristics,vabilitiesvorvqualitiesvspecificvtovthatvrace,v
especiallyvsovasvtovdistinguishvitvasvinferiorvorvsuperiorvtovanothervrace
Ideasvarevrootedvinvthevbeliefvthatvhumanityvisvnotvonevsinglevhumanvrace,vbutvcanvbevmeaningfullyvdivide
dvintovseparatevraces
Thevdifferencesvbetweenvracesvarevbiologicalvandvfixed
Thevdifferentvtraitsvmakevcertainvracesvgood/badvatvthingsvwhichvcreatesvavhierarchy
Thenvracialvsegregationvisvusedvtovpreventv'pollution'
Internationalismv-vCORRECTvANSWERv-peoplevofvthevworldvshouldvunitevandvconnectvacrossvboundaries