URINALYSIS (Urine dipstick testing) questions
and answers with solutions 2025
What equipment do you need? - ANSWER Alcohol gel
Gloves
Apron
Dipsticks
Urine sample
Paper towels
What does straw-coloured urine indicate? - ANSWER This is normal!
What does dark concentrated urine indicate? - ANSWER Suggests the individual is dehydrated
What does red urine indicate? - ANSWER Can be caused by the presence of blood in the urine
(macroscopic haematuria), porphyria (group of disorders that result from build up of porphyrin and this
is essential for the function of haemaglobin), drugs such as rifampicin and certain foods (e.g. beetroot)
What does brown urine indicate? - ANSWER Can be caused by the presence of bile pigments (e.g.
jaundice) or myoglobin (e.g. rhabdomyolysis)
Some antimalarial medication, such as chloroquine
What does clear urine suggest? - ANSWER This is normal!
What does cloudy urine with sediment suggest? - ANSWER UTI, renal stones, high protein content (e.g.
nephrotic syndrome)
What does frothy urine suggest? - ANSWER Associated with significant proteinuria (e.g. nephrotic
syndrome)
What does offensive odour show? - ANSWER Suggestive of urinary tract infection
, What does sweet odour show? - ANSWER Suggestive of glycosuria (e.g. diabetes mellitus)
What are the 9 steps of the procedure - ANSWER 1. Check the expiry date of the urinalysis dipstick.
2. Remove a dipstick from the container whilst avoiding touching the reagent squares.
3. Replace the container lid to prevent oxidisation of the remaining dipsticks.
4. Insert the dipstick into the urine sample, ensuring all reagent squares are fully immersed.
5. Remove the dipstick immediately and tap off any residual urine using the edge of the container,
making sure to hold the dipstick horizontally to avoid cross-contamination of the reagent squares.
6. Lay the dipstick flat on a paper towel.
7. Use the urinalysis guide on the side of the testing strip container to interpret the findings. Different
reagent squares on the strip need to be interpreted at different times, so ensure you interpret the
correct test at the appropriate time interval (e.g. 60 seconds for protein).
8. Once you have interpreted all of the tests, discard the strip into the clinical waste bin along with your
PPE.
9. Wash your hands.
What does urinalysis test for? - ANSWER Glucose
Bilirubin
Ketones
Specific gravity
Blood
Protein
Nitrites
Urobilinogen
Leukocyte esterase
Glucose present in the urine (glycosuria) indicates what? - ANSWER Diabetes mellitus
Renal tubular disease
Some diabetic medications (SGLT2 Inhibitors)
and answers with solutions 2025
What equipment do you need? - ANSWER Alcohol gel
Gloves
Apron
Dipsticks
Urine sample
Paper towels
What does straw-coloured urine indicate? - ANSWER This is normal!
What does dark concentrated urine indicate? - ANSWER Suggests the individual is dehydrated
What does red urine indicate? - ANSWER Can be caused by the presence of blood in the urine
(macroscopic haematuria), porphyria (group of disorders that result from build up of porphyrin and this
is essential for the function of haemaglobin), drugs such as rifampicin and certain foods (e.g. beetroot)
What does brown urine indicate? - ANSWER Can be caused by the presence of bile pigments (e.g.
jaundice) or myoglobin (e.g. rhabdomyolysis)
Some antimalarial medication, such as chloroquine
What does clear urine suggest? - ANSWER This is normal!
What does cloudy urine with sediment suggest? - ANSWER UTI, renal stones, high protein content (e.g.
nephrotic syndrome)
What does frothy urine suggest? - ANSWER Associated with significant proteinuria (e.g. nephrotic
syndrome)
What does offensive odour show? - ANSWER Suggestive of urinary tract infection
, What does sweet odour show? - ANSWER Suggestive of glycosuria (e.g. diabetes mellitus)
What are the 9 steps of the procedure - ANSWER 1. Check the expiry date of the urinalysis dipstick.
2. Remove a dipstick from the container whilst avoiding touching the reagent squares.
3. Replace the container lid to prevent oxidisation of the remaining dipsticks.
4. Insert the dipstick into the urine sample, ensuring all reagent squares are fully immersed.
5. Remove the dipstick immediately and tap off any residual urine using the edge of the container,
making sure to hold the dipstick horizontally to avoid cross-contamination of the reagent squares.
6. Lay the dipstick flat on a paper towel.
7. Use the urinalysis guide on the side of the testing strip container to interpret the findings. Different
reagent squares on the strip need to be interpreted at different times, so ensure you interpret the
correct test at the appropriate time interval (e.g. 60 seconds for protein).
8. Once you have interpreted all of the tests, discard the strip into the clinical waste bin along with your
PPE.
9. Wash your hands.
What does urinalysis test for? - ANSWER Glucose
Bilirubin
Ketones
Specific gravity
Blood
Protein
Nitrites
Urobilinogen
Leukocyte esterase
Glucose present in the urine (glycosuria) indicates what? - ANSWER Diabetes mellitus
Renal tubular disease
Some diabetic medications (SGLT2 Inhibitors)
