answers with solutions 2025
Hypotension - ANSWER Low blood pressure
Hypertension - ANSWER High blood pressure
2nd most common cause of kidney disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) - ANSWER A genetic disease that cause large fluid cysts to grow in the
kidneys, spleen, pancreas && liver
Air Embolism - ANSWER Air bubbles in the blood vessels.
Anaphylaxis - ANSWER Severe allergic reaction
Angina - ANSWER Chest pain caused by poor oxygen of the heart muscle
Arrhythmia - ANSWER Abnormal/Irregular Heartbeat
Cardiac Arrest - ANSWER Absence of pulse && lack of respiration. No consciousness
#1 cause of death in hemodialysis
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) - ANSWER Brain swelling...fluid moves into brain
Fever/Chills - ANSWER Involuntary shaking && elevated tempature
First Use Syndrome - ANSWER A reaction to the dialyzer within 15-30 mins
Headache - ANSWER Pain in the head
, Heparin Overdose - ANSWER Too much heparin given to the patient
Hyperkalemia - ANSWER High potassium level
Muscle Cramps - ANSWER Painful muscle spasm
Nausea / Vomiting - ANSWER Upset stomach with or without vomiting
Pruritus - ANSWER Intense itching
Seizures - ANSWER Involuntary muscle spasms && no consciousness
Air in bloodlines - ANSWER Air bubbles or foaming in bloodline
Blood Loss - ANSWER Loss of blood
Clotting - ANSWER Clotting in the dialysis bloodline or dialyzer
Crenation - ANSWER shrinking of red blood cells
Dialyzer Membrane (Blood Leak) - ANSWER Dialyzer membrane large enough for red blood cells can
cross over to dialysate.
Hemolysis - ANSWER Destruction of red blood cells
Power Failure - ANSWER No power, blackout
Ecchymoses - ANSWER Bleeding under skin (Bruise)