ASU BIO 181 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
Which six elements are most important for the survival of life? - CORRECT
ANSWER-H, C, N, O, P, S
The shared biochemistry of all life is often considered evidence for: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Shared common descent of all life on earth.
Water has which property or properties? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrophilic
Forms hydrogen bonds
Ocean acidification is resulting due to - CORRECT ANSWER-Global release of
CO2 through the use of fossil fuels
Which other element (besides Carbon) is often suggested as having potential for
life - CORRECT ANSWER-Silicon
Which kind of organic compound is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amino acid
What kind of molecule is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA
Which kind of organic compound is pictured? - CORRECT
ANSWER-phospholipid
All things being equal which fatty acid will have a lower melting point? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Short-chain fatty acid
What kind of molecule is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-polypeptide
Saturated or unsaturated fat? - CORRECT ANSWER-saturated(top)
Which type of molecular interaction is strongest? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Covalent bond
Water is a... - CORRECT ANSWER-polar molecule
A low pH is typical of - CORRECT ANSWER-acids
,What element is called the 'backbone of life'? - CORRECT ANSWER-carbon
DNA or RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
This amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bridges - CORRECT
ANSWER-Cysteine
Name this compound... - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholesterol
Exothermic or Endothermic? - CORRECT ANSWER-exothermic
Which level of protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Quaternary
The name of a conceptual model for enzyme action - CORRECT ANSWER-Lock
and Key, Induced Fit
Which level of protein structure is shown in the picture below? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Primary
Which level of protein structure is shown in the picture below for the two
proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-tertiary
Would the subsitution (due to a mutation) of alanine (hydrophobic amino acid) for
serine (a polar and hydrophobic amino acid) have a large or small effect on the
structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes, likely a large effect. The
substitution of two chemically very different amino acids could have a large effect
on protein structure.
What type of chemical bond is important for stabilizing alpha-helix or Beta-sheets
between backbone atoms of amino acids in close proximity to one another? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen bonds
If a protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
this may result in: - CORRECT ANSWER-Denaturation
,The image below shows what type of chemical compound? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Triacylglycerol
The image below shows what kind of compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lipid
A sterol, specifically cholesterol
What kinds of structure will the following compound, a phospholipid, form in a
watery environment? - CORRECT ANSWER-Membrane
Micelle
Liposome
With the complementarity of nucleic acids in mind (in DNA strands) answer the
following question.
A particular stretch of DNA is sequenced and found to be 40% Guanine. What
percentage will be Adenine? - CORRECT ANSWER-10%
Which of the following macromolecules is most likely to form into a double helix?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleic Acid: DNA
Which side will generally have a greater amount of matter present? The
reactants or the products? - CORRECT ANSWER-Both will be equal.
When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight and convert that energy
into the chemical bonds of organic molecules, are they creating new energy? -
CORRECT ANSWER-No, the energy is being transferred from one form into
another. But no new energy is being created.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics suggest that the energy in a system will... -
CORRECT ANSWER-tend to become more dispersed over time.
Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break the Second Law of
Thermodynamics - by seemingly increasing the order in the overall system. They
don't. Why? - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a
closed system. The sun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is
harnessed by living things to create internal order within themselves. But without
such a constant input of energy, most biological systems on earth would break
down.
, b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occur unless it is also
associated with an increase in the entropy of the universe. A living organism
(such as an animal or plant) brings in matter and energy from its environment
and uses this to create greater order within its body: the processes of life. But it is
important to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also part of a larger
system of the environment around them. While creating a small 'pocket' of order,
the processes of life (metabolism, movement, etc..) releases heat into the
environment - thus increasing the entropy of the universe and following the 2nd
law.
As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to do 'work'. True or false?
- CORRECT ANSWER-False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less
useful energy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being present in the
form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts to turn chemical
potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Less efficient motors will get
hotter for the same amount of fuel consumed. When you drive a car you hope
that most of the fuel energy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat
(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the less efficient the
ability to do 'work' (the moving of the vehicle).
In a particular system, what kind of energy is considered available to do work?
Which of the following is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gibbs energy
A chemical reaction where ΔG < 0 will tend to be - CORRECT
ANSWER-spontaneous
exergonic
Equilibrium in a chemical reaction is the state in which.... - CORRECT
ANSWER-the relative concentrations of reactants and products are not changing
over time.
A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about
a specific biochemical reaction. - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzyme
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from its environment. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Endothermic reaction
Which six elements are most important for the survival of life? - CORRECT
ANSWER-H, C, N, O, P, S
The shared biochemistry of all life is often considered evidence for: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Shared common descent of all life on earth.
Water has which property or properties? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrophilic
Forms hydrogen bonds
Ocean acidification is resulting due to - CORRECT ANSWER-Global release of
CO2 through the use of fossil fuels
Which other element (besides Carbon) is often suggested as having potential for
life - CORRECT ANSWER-Silicon
Which kind of organic compound is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amino acid
What kind of molecule is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA
Which kind of organic compound is pictured? - CORRECT
ANSWER-phospholipid
All things being equal which fatty acid will have a lower melting point? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Short-chain fatty acid
What kind of molecule is pictured? - CORRECT ANSWER-polypeptide
Saturated or unsaturated fat? - CORRECT ANSWER-saturated(top)
Which type of molecular interaction is strongest? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Covalent bond
Water is a... - CORRECT ANSWER-polar molecule
A low pH is typical of - CORRECT ANSWER-acids
,What element is called the 'backbone of life'? - CORRECT ANSWER-carbon
DNA or RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
This amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bridges - CORRECT
ANSWER-Cysteine
Name this compound... - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholesterol
Exothermic or Endothermic? - CORRECT ANSWER-exothermic
Which level of protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Quaternary
The name of a conceptual model for enzyme action - CORRECT ANSWER-Lock
and Key, Induced Fit
Which level of protein structure is shown in the picture below? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Primary
Which level of protein structure is shown in the picture below for the two
proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER-tertiary
Would the subsitution (due to a mutation) of alanine (hydrophobic amino acid) for
serine (a polar and hydrophobic amino acid) have a large or small effect on the
structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes, likely a large effect. The
substitution of two chemically very different amino acids could have a large effect
on protein structure.
What type of chemical bond is important for stabilizing alpha-helix or Beta-sheets
between backbone atoms of amino acids in close proximity to one another? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen bonds
If a protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
this may result in: - CORRECT ANSWER-Denaturation
,The image below shows what type of chemical compound? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Triacylglycerol
The image below shows what kind of compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lipid
A sterol, specifically cholesterol
What kinds of structure will the following compound, a phospholipid, form in a
watery environment? - CORRECT ANSWER-Membrane
Micelle
Liposome
With the complementarity of nucleic acids in mind (in DNA strands) answer the
following question.
A particular stretch of DNA is sequenced and found to be 40% Guanine. What
percentage will be Adenine? - CORRECT ANSWER-10%
Which of the following macromolecules is most likely to form into a double helix?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleic Acid: DNA
Which side will generally have a greater amount of matter present? The
reactants or the products? - CORRECT ANSWER-Both will be equal.
When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight and convert that energy
into the chemical bonds of organic molecules, are they creating new energy? -
CORRECT ANSWER-No, the energy is being transferred from one form into
another. But no new energy is being created.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics suggest that the energy in a system will... -
CORRECT ANSWER-tend to become more dispersed over time.
Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break the Second Law of
Thermodynamics - by seemingly increasing the order in the overall system. They
don't. Why? - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a
closed system. The sun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is
harnessed by living things to create internal order within themselves. But without
such a constant input of energy, most biological systems on earth would break
down.
, b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occur unless it is also
associated with an increase in the entropy of the universe. A living organism
(such as an animal or plant) brings in matter and energy from its environment
and uses this to create greater order within its body: the processes of life. But it is
important to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also part of a larger
system of the environment around them. While creating a small 'pocket' of order,
the processes of life (metabolism, movement, etc..) releases heat into the
environment - thus increasing the entropy of the universe and following the 2nd
law.
As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to do 'work'. True or false?
- CORRECT ANSWER-False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less
useful energy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being present in the
form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts to turn chemical
potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Less efficient motors will get
hotter for the same amount of fuel consumed. When you drive a car you hope
that most of the fuel energy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat
(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the less efficient the
ability to do 'work' (the moving of the vehicle).
In a particular system, what kind of energy is considered available to do work?
Which of the following is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gibbs energy
A chemical reaction where ΔG < 0 will tend to be - CORRECT
ANSWER-spontaneous
exergonic
Equilibrium in a chemical reaction is the state in which.... - CORRECT
ANSWER-the relative concentrations of reactants and products are not changing
over time.
A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about
a specific biochemical reaction. - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzyme
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from its environment. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Endothermic reaction
