GOVERNMENTtOFtKERALA
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
t t t
LAB MANUAL FOR
t t
FLUID MECHANICS LAB
t t
Prepared by: t
STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERSTRAININ
t t t t t
G & RESEARCH, KALAMASSERY
t t t
,
, GENERALtINSTRUCTIONS
RoughtrecordtandtFairtrecordtaretneededttotrecordtthetexperimentstconductedtintthetlaboratory.tRoug
htrecordstaretneededttotbetcertifiedtimmediatelytontcompletiontoftthetexperiment.tFairt recordstaretduetattthet
beginningtoftthetnexttlabtperiod.tFairtrecordstmusttbetsubmittedtastneat,tlegible,tandtcomplete.
INSTRUCTIONStTOtSTUDENTStFORtWRITINGtTHEtFAIRtRECORD
Int thet fairt record,t thet indext paget shouldt bet filledt properlyt byt writingt thet correspondingt experimenttnumber,t
experimenttnamet,tdatetontwhichtittwastdonetandtthetpagetnumber.
Ontthetrighttsidetpagetoftthetrecordtfollowingthasttotbetwritten:
1. Title:tThettitletoftthetexperimenttshouldtbetwrittentintthetpagetintcapitaltletters.
2. Intthetleftttoptmargin,texperimenttnumbertandtdatetshouldtbetwritten.
3. Aim:tThetpurposetoftthetexperimenttshouldtbetwrittentclearly.
4. Apparatus/Tools/Equipments/Componentstused:tAtlisttoftthetApparatus/Tools/tEquipments
/Componentstusedtfortdoingt thetexperimenttshouldtbetentered.
5. Principle:tSimpletworkingtoftthetcircuit/experimentaltsettup/algorithmtshouldtbe written.
6. Procedure:t stepst fort doingt thet experimentt andt recordingt thet readingst shouldt be
brieflytdescribed(fl
owtchart/programstintthetcasetoftcomputer/processortrelated experiments)
7. Results:tThetresultstoftthetexperimenttmusttbetsummarizedtintwritingtandtshouldtbe
fulfillingt
thetaim.
8. Inference:tInferencetfromtthetresultstisttotbetmentioned.t
OntthetLefttsidetpagetoftthetrecordtfollowingthasttotbetrecorded:
1. Circuit/Program:t Neatlytdrawntcircuittdiagrams/experimentaltsettup.
2. Design:tThetdesigntoftthetcircuit/experimentaltsettuptfortselectingtthetcomponentsts
houldtbetclearlytshowntiftnecessary.
, 3. Observations:
i) DatatshouldtbetclearlytrecordedtusingtTabulartColumns.
ii) Unittoftthetobservedtdatatshouldtbetclearlytmentioned
iii) Relevanttcalculationstshouldtbetshown.tIftrepetitivetcalculationstaretneeded,tonlytshowtatsampletcal
culationtandtsummarizetthetotherstintattable.
4. Graphs:tGraphstcantusedttotpresenttdatatintatformtthattshowtthetresultstobtained,tastonetortmoretoftthet
parameterstaretvaried.tAtgraphthastthetadvantagetoftpresentingtlargetamountstoftdatatintatconcisetvisua
ltform.tGraphtshouldtbetintatsquaretformat.
GENERALtRULEStFORtPERSONALtSAFETY
1. Alwaystwearttighttshirt/labtcoat,tpantstandtshoestinsidetworkshops.
2. REMOVEtALLtMETALtJEWELLERYtsincetrings,twristtwatchestortbands,tnecklaces,tetc.tmaketexcellenttelect
rodestinttheteventtoftaccidentaltcontacttwithtelectrictpowertsources.
3. DOtNOTtMAKEtCIRCUITtCHANGEStwithouttturningtofftthetpower.
4. Maketsuretthattequipmenttworkingtontelectricaltpowertaretgroundedtproperly.
5. Avoidtstandingtontmetaltsurfacestortwettconcrete.tKeeptyourtshoestdry.
6. Neverthandletelectricaltequipmenttwithtwettskin.
7. Hottsolderingtironstshouldtbetrestedtintitstholder.tNevertleavetathottirontunattended.
8. Avoidtusetoftloosetclothingtandthairtneartmachinestandtavoidtrunningtaroundtinsidetlab.
TOtPROTECTtEQUIPMENTtANDtMINIMIZEtMAINTENANCE:
DO:t1.tSETtMULTIRANGEtMETERSttothighesttrangetbeforetconnectingttotantunknowntsource.
2.tINFORMtYOURtINSTRUCTORtabouttfaultytequipmenttsotthattittcantbetsenttfortre
pair.
DOtNOT:t1.tDotnottMOVEtEQUIPMENTtaroundtthetroomtexcepttundertthetsupervisiontoftan
instructor.
t
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
t t t
LAB MANUAL FOR
t t
FLUID MECHANICS LAB
t t
Prepared by: t
STATE INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERSTRAININ
t t t t t
G & RESEARCH, KALAMASSERY
t t t
,
, GENERALtINSTRUCTIONS
RoughtrecordtandtFairtrecordtaretneededttotrecordtthetexperimentstconductedtintthetlaboratory.tRoug
htrecordstaretneededttotbetcertifiedtimmediatelytontcompletiontoftthetexperiment.tFairt recordstaretduetattthet
beginningtoftthetnexttlabtperiod.tFairtrecordstmusttbetsubmittedtastneat,tlegible,tandtcomplete.
INSTRUCTIONStTOtSTUDENTStFORtWRITINGtTHEtFAIRtRECORD
Int thet fairt record,t thet indext paget shouldt bet filledt properlyt byt writingt thet correspondingt experimenttnumber,t
experimenttnamet,tdatetontwhichtittwastdonetandtthetpagetnumber.
Ontthetrighttsidetpagetoftthetrecordtfollowingthasttotbetwritten:
1. Title:tThettitletoftthetexperimenttshouldtbetwrittentintthetpagetintcapitaltletters.
2. Intthetleftttoptmargin,texperimenttnumbertandtdatetshouldtbetwritten.
3. Aim:tThetpurposetoftthetexperimenttshouldtbetwrittentclearly.
4. Apparatus/Tools/Equipments/Componentstused:tAtlisttoftthetApparatus/Tools/tEquipments
/Componentstusedtfortdoingt thetexperimenttshouldtbetentered.
5. Principle:tSimpletworkingtoftthetcircuit/experimentaltsettup/algorithmtshouldtbe written.
6. Procedure:t stepst fort doingt thet experimentt andt recordingt thet readingst shouldt be
brieflytdescribed(fl
owtchart/programstintthetcasetoftcomputer/processortrelated experiments)
7. Results:tThetresultstoftthetexperimenttmusttbetsummarizedtintwritingtandtshouldtbe
fulfillingt
thetaim.
8. Inference:tInferencetfromtthetresultstisttotbetmentioned.t
OntthetLefttsidetpagetoftthetrecordtfollowingthasttotbetrecorded:
1. Circuit/Program:t Neatlytdrawntcircuittdiagrams/experimentaltsettup.
2. Design:tThetdesigntoftthetcircuit/experimentaltsettuptfortselectingtthetcomponentsts
houldtbetclearlytshowntiftnecessary.
, 3. Observations:
i) DatatshouldtbetclearlytrecordedtusingtTabulartColumns.
ii) Unittoftthetobservedtdatatshouldtbetclearlytmentioned
iii) Relevanttcalculationstshouldtbetshown.tIftrepetitivetcalculationstaretneeded,tonlytshowtatsampletcal
culationtandtsummarizetthetotherstintattable.
4. Graphs:tGraphstcantusedttotpresenttdatatintatformtthattshowtthetresultstobtained,tastonetortmoretoftthet
parameterstaretvaried.tAtgraphthastthetadvantagetoftpresentingtlargetamountstoftdatatintatconcisetvisua
ltform.tGraphtshouldtbetintatsquaretformat.
GENERALtRULEStFORtPERSONALtSAFETY
1. Alwaystwearttighttshirt/labtcoat,tpantstandtshoestinsidetworkshops.
2. REMOVEtALLtMETALtJEWELLERYtsincetrings,twristtwatchestortbands,tnecklaces,tetc.tmaketexcellenttelect
rodestinttheteventtoftaccidentaltcontacttwithtelectrictpowertsources.
3. DOtNOTtMAKEtCIRCUITtCHANGEStwithouttturningtofftthetpower.
4. Maketsuretthattequipmenttworkingtontelectricaltpowertaretgroundedtproperly.
5. Avoidtstandingtontmetaltsurfacestortwettconcrete.tKeeptyourtshoestdry.
6. Neverthandletelectricaltequipmenttwithtwettskin.
7. Hottsolderingtironstshouldtbetrestedtintitstholder.tNevertleavetathottirontunattended.
8. Avoidtusetoftloosetclothingtandthairtneartmachinestandtavoidtrunningtaroundtinsidetlab.
TOtPROTECTtEQUIPMENTtANDtMINIMIZEtMAINTENANCE:
DO:t1.tSETtMULTIRANGEtMETERSttothighesttrangetbeforetconnectingttotantunknowntsource.
2.tINFORMtYOURtINSTRUCTORtabouttfaultytequipmenttsotthattittcantbetsenttfortre
pair.
DOtNOT:t1.tDotnottMOVEtEQUIPMENTtaroundtthetroomtexcepttundertthetsupervisiontoftan
instructor.
t
