Test bank for bailey and scott s diagnostic microbiology 14th edition tille full chapter

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Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure Till
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e: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
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MULTIPLEwCHOICE

1. Pieceswofwdeoxyribonucleicwacidw(DNA)wthatwmovewfromwonewgeneticwelementwtowanotherwan
dwcontainwgeneswforwmovementwandwgeneswforwotherwfeatureswarewcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertionwsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.

ANS:w A
Insertionwsequenceswonlywcodewforwmovement.

REF:w w 8

2. Miniaturewchromosomeswcomposedwofwseveralwgeneswinwdouble-
stranded,wclosed,wcircularwstructureswarewcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertionwsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:w C
Plasmidswcanwbewseparatewentities,wbutwtransposablewelementsw(transposonswandwinsertionwseque
nces)wcannot.

REF:w w 8

3. AwDNAwsequencewthatwencodeswforwawspecificwproductw(ribonucleicwacidw[RNA]worwprotein)w
iswdefinedwaswa:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleicwacid.
ANS:w A
Thewgenomewiswthewcollectionwofwallwthewgeneswofwanworganism.wNucleotideswandwDNAwarewbuil
dingwblockswofwgenes.

REF:w w 6

4. Thewenzymewthatwaddswnucleotidewbaseswtoweachwgrowingwdaughterwstrandwinwthewreplicatio
nwprocesswiswcalled:
a. replicationwenzymes.
b. DNAwpolymerase.
c. insertionwsequencewenzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS:w B




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DNAwpolymerasewiswawspecificwtypewofwreplicationwenzyme.

REF:w w 9

5. Ifwawbacterialwcellwencounterswunfavorablewenvironmentalwconditions,wthenwitswmetabolismwwi
llwbeginwtowslowwuntilwitweventuallywtransformswintowanwinactive,wdormantwstate.wThiswsurvival
wmechanism wiswknownwas:

a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS:w D
Organismswsporulatewwhenwunfavorablewconditionswarewencounteredwandwremainwinwthiswstatewu
ntilwfavorablewconditionswreturn.

REF:w w 23

6. Teichoicwacids,wmycolicwacids,wpeptidoglycan,wandwdisaccharide-
pentapeptidewsubunitswarewallwbuildingwblockswofwwhichwbacterialwstructure?
a. Outerwcellwmembrane
b. Flagella
c. Innerwcellwmembrane
d. Cellwwall
ANS:w D
Thesewelementswarewallwpartwofwthewcellwwallswofwsomewtypeswofwbacteria.

REF:w w 21w|w22

7. Thewmajorwdifferencewbetweenwgram-positivewandwgram-negativewbacteriawiswthat:
a. thewpeptidoglycanwlayerwinwgram-
positivewbacteriawiswsubstantiallywthinnerwthanwinwgram-negativewbacteria.
b. gram-positivewbacteriawcontainwawperiplasmicwspace,wwhereaswgram-
negativewbacteriawdownot.
c. flagellawarewonlywpresentwinwgram-positivewbacteria.
d. gram-
negativewbacteriawcontainwanwouterwmembranewthatwfunctionswaswthewcell’swiniti
alwbarrierwtowthewenvironment.
ANS:w D
Gram-negativewbacteriawcontainwanwouterwmembrane,wbutwgram-positivewbacteriawdownot.

REF:w w 21

8. Inwgenewregulationwandwcontrol,wrepressionwiswdefinedwaswthe:
a. internalwchangewinwtheworiginalwnucleotidewsequencewofwawgeneworwgeneswwithinwa
nworganism’swgenome.
b. mechanismwofwgeneticwcontrolwinwwhichwgeneswarewinducedwonlywwhenwthewsubstrat
ewtowbewdegradedwbywenzymaticwactionwiswpresent.
c. changewofwthewbacterialwgenotypeswthroughwthewexchangewofwDNAwfromwonewcellwt
owanother.
d. mechanismwofwgeneticwcontrolwinwwhichwgeneswarewnotwtranscribedwandwthereforeware


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notwexpressedwinwthewpresencewofwthosewtargetwproductswinwsufficientwsupply.
ANS:w D
Towavoidwwastewandwoverproductionwofwenzymeswinwthewcell,wsomewgeneswarewturnedwoffwbywthewp
resencewofwthewproductwofwthatwgenewexpression.

REF:w w 12

9. Inwgenewregulationwandwcontrol,winductionwcanwbewdefinedwaswthe:
a. mechanismwofwgeneticwcontrolwinwwhichwgeneswarewinducedwonlywwhenwthewsubstrat
ewtowbewdegradedwbywenzymaticwactionwiswpresent.
b. uptakewofwfreewDNAwfromwthewenvironmentwandwrecombinationwwithwthewrecipient’
swhomologouswDNA.
c. mechanismwofwgeneticwcontrolwinwwhichwgeneswarewnotwtranscribedwandwthereforewar
ewnotwexpressedwinwthewpresencewofwthosewtargetwproductswinwsufficientwsupply.
d. changewofwthewbacterialwgenotypeswthroughwthewexchangewofwDNAwfromwonewcellwt
owanother.
ANS:w A
Towavoidwwastewandwoverproductionwofwenzymeswinwthewcell,wsomewgeneswarewturnedwonwonlywb
ywthewpresencewofwthewsubstratewofwthatwgenewexpression.

REF:w w 13

10. Mutationwiswdefinedwaswthe:
a. changewofwthewbacterialwgenotypeswthroughwthewexchangewofwDNAwfromwonewcellwt
owanother.
b. internalwchangewinwtheworiginalwnucleotidewsequencewofwawgeneworwgeneswwithinwa
nworganism’swgenome.
c. processwbywwhichwgeneticwelementswsuchwaswplasmidswandwtransposonswexcisewfro
mwonewgenomicwlocationwandwinsertwintowanother.
d. uptakewofwfreewDNAwfromwthewenvironmentwandwrecombinationwwithwthewrecipient’
swhomologouswDNA.
ANS:w B
Mutationwoccurswaswanwinternalwchangewinwtheworiginalwnucleotidewsequencewofwawgeneworwgenesw
withinwanworganism’swgenome.

REF:w w 14

11. Recombinationwiswdefinedwaswthe:
a. changewofwthewbacterialwgenotypeswthroughwthewexchangewofwDNAwfromwonewcellwt
owanother.
b. internalwchangewinwtheworiginalwnucleotidewsequencewofwawgeneworwgeneswwithinwa
nworganism’swgenome.
c. processwbywwhichwgeneticwelementswsuchwaswplasmidswandwtransposonswexcisewfro
mwonewgenomicwlocationwandwinsertwintowanother.
d. uptakewofwfreewDNAwfromwthewenvironmentwandwrecombinationwwithwthewrecipient’
swhomologouswDNA.
ANS:w A




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