BIO 340 Final Exam/ 491 Qs & Ans/ A+ Score
Solution/ 2024-2025.
What type of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases? - Answer: Hydrogen
Bonds
Which of the following forms the backbone of a polynucleotide chain? - Answer: alternating
sugar and phosphate groups
Guanine and adenine are purines found in DNA - Answer: true
What is the OBSERVED number of heterozygotes in the new generation? - Answer: 188
Page 1 of 60
,Using the same logic, you get the expected and observed number of homozygotes in the new
generation, and run a x^2 test. You find your p-value is 0.8377. What can you say about this
population? - Answer: This population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the TYRP1 locus: the
TYRP1 is not experiencing any force of evolution.
In which of these populations in Natural Selection more likely to occur? - Answer: A large
population with high phenotypic variation
In eukaryotes, processing (capping, splicing) is taking place at the 5' end while the 3' end is still
being synthesized. In prokaryotes, which is taking place while RNA is being synthesized? -
Answer: Translation beginning at the 5' end while the 3' end is being synthesized
What would be the effect of a drug that altered the structure of allolactose so that it was unable
to bind to the regulator protein? - Answer: The drug would prevent the individual from
digesting lactose
All of the following are true of a single peptide EXCEPT: - Answer: Signal peptides determine
when a protein is exposed
True about a single peptide - Answer: signal peptides determine where a protein should be
transported
signal peptides can be combined
a signal peptide is removed after it serves its function
SRPs bind to the signal peptide
An adaptive allele A arises in a population such that AA individuals leave 10% more offspring
AA+ individuals leaves 5% more offspring, and A+A+ individuals leave normal numbers of
offspring. What is the probability of fixation of allele A?
(neutral = 1/2N) - Answer: .1
Page 2 of 60
,In bacterial plasmids, Ori is: - Answer: Where DNA replication starts
Which of the following is evidence for secondary symbiosis? - Answer: Nucleomorphs
An E. coli with the genotype, I+O-Z-/F'O+Z+ has low levels of lactose and low levels of glucose.
What would you expect this to produce? - Answer: low expression of LacZ
The "sticky ends" generated by restriction enzymes allow: - Answer: pieces of DNA from
different sources to hybridize
An increase in the inbreeding coefficient is likely to result in - Answer: reduced likelihood of
heterozygotes being present in a population
Which of the following is not a cis regulatory element? - Answer: lacl
The polyA tail on a eukaryotic mRNA - Answer:
Several features of Gregor Mendel's experiments on plant breeding and patterns of inheritance
distinguished his work from that of his contemporaries. Which of the following was a critical
experimental innovation employed by Mendel that distinguished his experiments from those of
his contemporaries? - Answer: Mendel performed controlled crosses with pure-breeding
strains.
Many of Mendel's experiments involved crosses in which the sexes of the pure-breeding parents
were switched. In each case he observed an F1 with the same phenotype. These pairs of
experimental crosses are known as _______. - Answer: reciprocal crosses
Page 3 of 60
, Mendel's law of segregation predicts the following specific phenotypic ratios among the F1 and
F2 progeny from crosses between two pure-breeding parents for a single trait (e.g., yellow vs.
green peas). - Answer: F1 1:0 F2 3:1
Based on the law of segregation, what proportion of the F2 plants would be expected to
produce F3 progeny phenotypes in a ratio of 3 dominant : 1 recessive? - Answer: 1/2
Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, what phenotypic ratios are expected among
the F2 progeny from a dihybrid cross such as the one illustrated in figure above? - Answer:
9:3:3:1
How many different combinations of alleles are possible among the gametes produced by an
individual that is heterozygous for three separate genes? - Answer: Eight
In pedigree analysis, which of the following is a hallmark of an autosomal recessive disorder? -
Answer: Individuals who have the disease are commonly born to normal (unaffected) parents.
The field of genetics has demonstrated that both molecular and transmission genetics
characterize the same hereditary processes at different levels. For example, the wrinkled seed
phenotype used by Mendel results from a defect in the gene that encodes which of the
following products? - Answer: starch-branching enzyme
In the early 1900s, scientists noted that chromosome movements during cell division in
reproductive cells mirrored the patterns of inheritance described by Mendel. These results and
others confirmed that Mendel's hereditary units (genes) were located on chromosomes. The
sum total of chromosomes in an organism constitute its __________, whereas the organism's
observable traits constitute its __________. - Answer: genotype; phenotype
Which domain(s) of life include(s) multicellular organisms? - Answer: Eukarya
Page 4 of 60
Solution/ 2024-2025.
What type of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases? - Answer: Hydrogen
Bonds
Which of the following forms the backbone of a polynucleotide chain? - Answer: alternating
sugar and phosphate groups
Guanine and adenine are purines found in DNA - Answer: true
What is the OBSERVED number of heterozygotes in the new generation? - Answer: 188
Page 1 of 60
,Using the same logic, you get the expected and observed number of homozygotes in the new
generation, and run a x^2 test. You find your p-value is 0.8377. What can you say about this
population? - Answer: This population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the TYRP1 locus: the
TYRP1 is not experiencing any force of evolution.
In which of these populations in Natural Selection more likely to occur? - Answer: A large
population with high phenotypic variation
In eukaryotes, processing (capping, splicing) is taking place at the 5' end while the 3' end is still
being synthesized. In prokaryotes, which is taking place while RNA is being synthesized? -
Answer: Translation beginning at the 5' end while the 3' end is being synthesized
What would be the effect of a drug that altered the structure of allolactose so that it was unable
to bind to the regulator protein? - Answer: The drug would prevent the individual from
digesting lactose
All of the following are true of a single peptide EXCEPT: - Answer: Signal peptides determine
when a protein is exposed
True about a single peptide - Answer: signal peptides determine where a protein should be
transported
signal peptides can be combined
a signal peptide is removed after it serves its function
SRPs bind to the signal peptide
An adaptive allele A arises in a population such that AA individuals leave 10% more offspring
AA+ individuals leaves 5% more offspring, and A+A+ individuals leave normal numbers of
offspring. What is the probability of fixation of allele A?
(neutral = 1/2N) - Answer: .1
Page 2 of 60
,In bacterial plasmids, Ori is: - Answer: Where DNA replication starts
Which of the following is evidence for secondary symbiosis? - Answer: Nucleomorphs
An E. coli with the genotype, I+O-Z-/F'O+Z+ has low levels of lactose and low levels of glucose.
What would you expect this to produce? - Answer: low expression of LacZ
The "sticky ends" generated by restriction enzymes allow: - Answer: pieces of DNA from
different sources to hybridize
An increase in the inbreeding coefficient is likely to result in - Answer: reduced likelihood of
heterozygotes being present in a population
Which of the following is not a cis regulatory element? - Answer: lacl
The polyA tail on a eukaryotic mRNA - Answer:
Several features of Gregor Mendel's experiments on plant breeding and patterns of inheritance
distinguished his work from that of his contemporaries. Which of the following was a critical
experimental innovation employed by Mendel that distinguished his experiments from those of
his contemporaries? - Answer: Mendel performed controlled crosses with pure-breeding
strains.
Many of Mendel's experiments involved crosses in which the sexes of the pure-breeding parents
were switched. In each case he observed an F1 with the same phenotype. These pairs of
experimental crosses are known as _______. - Answer: reciprocal crosses
Page 3 of 60
, Mendel's law of segregation predicts the following specific phenotypic ratios among the F1 and
F2 progeny from crosses between two pure-breeding parents for a single trait (e.g., yellow vs.
green peas). - Answer: F1 1:0 F2 3:1
Based on the law of segregation, what proportion of the F2 plants would be expected to
produce F3 progeny phenotypes in a ratio of 3 dominant : 1 recessive? - Answer: 1/2
Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, what phenotypic ratios are expected among
the F2 progeny from a dihybrid cross such as the one illustrated in figure above? - Answer:
9:3:3:1
How many different combinations of alleles are possible among the gametes produced by an
individual that is heterozygous for three separate genes? - Answer: Eight
In pedigree analysis, which of the following is a hallmark of an autosomal recessive disorder? -
Answer: Individuals who have the disease are commonly born to normal (unaffected) parents.
The field of genetics has demonstrated that both molecular and transmission genetics
characterize the same hereditary processes at different levels. For example, the wrinkled seed
phenotype used by Mendel results from a defect in the gene that encodes which of the
following products? - Answer: starch-branching enzyme
In the early 1900s, scientists noted that chromosome movements during cell division in
reproductive cells mirrored the patterns of inheritance described by Mendel. These results and
others confirmed that Mendel's hereditary units (genes) were located on chromosomes. The
sum total of chromosomes in an organism constitute its __________, whereas the organism's
observable traits constitute its __________. - Answer: genotype; phenotype
Which domain(s) of life include(s) multicellular organisms? - Answer: Eukarya
Page 4 of 60
