COMSAE 1 Notes Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Clearance calculation - ️️Clearance can be calculated using the following equation: CL = (0.7 x Vd)/t½, where CL is clearance, Vd is volume of distribution, and t½ is halflife. Bullous pemphigoid - ️️Large, firm, fluid-filled blisters and a negative Nikolsky sign indicate bullous pemphigoid, an autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by linear deposits of IgG and C3 located at the dermoepidermal junction. Penphigus vulgaris - ️️reticular deposition of IgG around the cells of the epidermal layer Y. pestis treatment - ️️Aminoglycosides, such as streptomycin, are the drugs of choice to treat bubonic plague. Postexposure prophylaxis includes a seven-day course of oral doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Wernicke encephalopathy triad - ️️confusion, ataxia, nystagmus reversible w B1 (different from korsakoff) Smallpox (Variola Virus) - ️️Poxviridae: dsDNA, enveloped, multiply in cytoplasm Transmission: respiratory Clinical Presentation: - Flu-like symptoms for 2-4 days - Synchronous presentation: simultaneous eruptive skin pustules - Start on mouth and spread everywhere in <24hrs - Vomiting, Diarrhea, bleeding Heparin - ️️safe in pregnancy bind antithrombin III, accelerating its activity to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa UFH: prolongs aPTT LMWH: does not prolong aPTT Adverse: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Treat OD w protamine sulfate EGPA (Churg-Strauss) - ️️Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, serum eosinophilia, neuropathy, and positive perinuclear-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA)Effect of OCPs on cancer risk - ️️Overall, OCPs have been shown to consistently decrease the rate of endometrial and ovarian cancer, increase the risk of cervical cancer, and have unclear effects on breast cancer. Phenylephrine MOA and AE - ️️Alpha-1 agonist for cold meds, AE: HTN and rebound congestion reflux esophagitis - ️️Cx of GERD, no glandular looking structures like Barrett Thalamic Pain Syndrome (Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome) - ️️A condition involving burning or tingling sensations and possibly hypersensitivity to things that would not normally be painful, such as a light touch or a temperature change.