NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
Prereading - ✔✔ correct answer All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional
literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness
Running record - ✔✔ correct answer An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading
Balanced Literacy Models - ✔✔ correct answer strategies teachers use to allow for different learning
styles
Phonological awareness - ✔✔ correct answer an awareness of an the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words; it is a broad term that includes identifying and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration,
identifying and working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and working with onsets and rhymes
in spoken syllables.
Phoneme - ✔✔ correct answer in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
5 Major Types of Tasks to develop Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer 1. Recognize sets of works
have similar sounds (identifying rhyming words in a sentence) 2. Learn to examine a set of words to
determine which is not like the others, oddity task) 3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words 4.
Divide words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count the number of sounds in a word 5.
Learn how to manipulate the sounds in a word by substituting or deleting one or many phonemes
Print Concept - ✔✔ correct answer Understanding how text works to communicate a message. Includes
handing of books and orientation of text.
Ways to facilitate print concepts - ✔✔ correct answer Combining movement activities to convey bottom,
top side. Teach the parts of a book. Experiences with different fonts and text sizes and the different
meanings they have. Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe books.
Track Print - ✔✔ correct answer student understands the direction of the text
,NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
Alphabet Recognition - ✔✔ correct answer being able to identify the letters of the alphabet both capital
and lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle - ✔✔ correct answer the relationship between letters or combinations of letters
(graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Letter-sound correspondence - ✔✔ correct answer refers to the identification of sounds associated with
individual letters and letter combination.
Short Vowel sounds - ✔✔ correct answer every vowel has two sounds, the vocal cords are more relaxed
when producing the short vowel sound because of this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can
be heard at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo, octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph - ✔✔ correct answer n. A union of two characters representing a single sound.
Diphthong - ✔✔ correct answer n. The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable
or running together the sounds.
CVC - ✔✔ correct answer consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces a short vowel sound or a
closed syllable.
Consonant Clusters - ✔✔ correct answer - also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the same
syllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters with their sound
values
Phonograms - ✔✔ correct answer Often called word families, these end in high frequency rimes that
vary only in the beginning consonant sound to make a word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
,NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
Onset - ✔✔ correct answer the part of a syllable (or the one-syllable word) that comes before the vowel
(e.g., str in string)
Rime - ✔✔ correct answer The vowel and the ending consonants after the onset
Semantic Cues - ✔✔ correct answer Use of knowledge about the subject of the text and words
associated with that subject to identify an unknown word within a text: meaning cues from each
sentence and the evolving whole.
Children use their prior knowledge, sense of the story, and pictures to support their predicting and
confirming the meaning of the text.
Syntactic Cues - ✔✔ correct answer hints that rely on language structure or rules (sometimes called
grammatical cues) Grammatical information in a text that readers process to construct meaning.
Content clues - ✔✔ correct answer surrounding words that help you figure out the meaning of
unfamiliar words
Syllabication - ✔✔ correct answer the ability to conceptualize and separate words into their basic
pronunciation components.
word structure - ✔✔ correct answer The way in which the parts of a word are arranged together-used to
determine a word's meaning
syllabication rules - ✔✔ correct answer rules for forming/dividing words into syllables
syllabication rules - ✔✔ correct answer . To find the number of syllables:Count the number of vowels (a,
e, i, o, u and sometimes y) Subtract any silent vowels (vowel, consonant, -e) Subtract one vowel from
every diphthong.(when two vowels go walking the first one does the talking)Divide between two double
consonants. Never split between digraphs.Usually divide before a single middle consonant.Divide before
the consonant before -le syllable.Divide off any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and root which have
vowel sounds.
ALL syllables have a vowel
, NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
compound words - ✔✔ correct answer Two or more words combined to create a new word.
prefix - ✔✔ correct answer a syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning
Suffix - ✔✔ correct answer a group of letters placed at the end of a word to change its meaning
Inflectional suffixes - ✔✔ correct answer Indicate possession, gender, number in nouns, tense, voice,
person & number & mood in verbs, and comparison in adjectives; do not change the part of speech of
the base. (-ed, -ing)
Sight-word recognition - ✔✔ correct answer 1. a word that is immediately recognized as a whole and
does not require word analysis for identification. 2. a word taught as a whole. Note: Words that are
phonically irregular or are important to learn before students have the skills to decode them are often
taught as sight words.
Dolch List - ✔✔ correct answer A list of frequently used words compiled by Edward William Dolch, PhD,
a major proponent of the "whole-word" method of beginning reading instruction. Goes up to 3rd grade
Reading Fluency - ✔✔ correct answer ability to decode words quickly and accurately in order to read
text with appropriate word stress, pitch, and intonation pattern (prosody)..
This skill requires automacity of word recognition and reading with prosody to facilitate comprehension.
Vocabulary - ✔✔ correct answer a language user's knowledge of words. Important in Prereading
activities. Use graphic organizers and word webs to introduce and review
domain-Specific vocabulary words - ✔✔ correct answer Teacher discusses these when reading
nonfiction in order to develop content clues
Visual Clues - ✔✔ correct answer helps students construct meaning from unfamiliar text
Context clues - ✔✔ correct answer Clues in surrounding text that help the reader determine the
meaning of an unknown word.
Prereading - ✔✔ correct answer All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional
literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness
Running record - ✔✔ correct answer An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading
Balanced Literacy Models - ✔✔ correct answer strategies teachers use to allow for different learning
styles
Phonological awareness - ✔✔ correct answer an awareness of an the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words; it is a broad term that includes identifying and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration,
identifying and working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and working with onsets and rhymes
in spoken syllables.
Phoneme - ✔✔ correct answer in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
5 Major Types of Tasks to develop Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer 1. Recognize sets of works
have similar sounds (identifying rhyming words in a sentence) 2. Learn to examine a set of words to
determine which is not like the others, oddity task) 3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words 4.
Divide words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count the number of sounds in a word 5.
Learn how to manipulate the sounds in a word by substituting or deleting one or many phonemes
Print Concept - ✔✔ correct answer Understanding how text works to communicate a message. Includes
handing of books and orientation of text.
Ways to facilitate print concepts - ✔✔ correct answer Combining movement activities to convey bottom,
top side. Teach the parts of a book. Experiences with different fonts and text sizes and the different
meanings they have. Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe books.
Track Print - ✔✔ correct answer student understands the direction of the text
,NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
Alphabet Recognition - ✔✔ correct answer being able to identify the letters of the alphabet both capital
and lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle - ✔✔ correct answer the relationship between letters or combinations of letters
(graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Letter-sound correspondence - ✔✔ correct answer refers to the identification of sounds associated with
individual letters and letter combination.
Short Vowel sounds - ✔✔ correct answer every vowel has two sounds, the vocal cords are more relaxed
when producing the short vowel sound because of this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can
be heard at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo, octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph - ✔✔ correct answer n. A union of two characters representing a single sound.
Diphthong - ✔✔ correct answer n. The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable
or running together the sounds.
CVC - ✔✔ correct answer consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces a short vowel sound or a
closed syllable.
Consonant Clusters - ✔✔ correct answer - also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the same
syllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters with their sound
values
Phonograms - ✔✔ correct answer Often called word families, these end in high frequency rimes that
vary only in the beginning consonant sound to make a word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
,NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
Onset - ✔✔ correct answer the part of a syllable (or the one-syllable word) that comes before the vowel
(e.g., str in string)
Rime - ✔✔ correct answer The vowel and the ending consonants after the onset
Semantic Cues - ✔✔ correct answer Use of knowledge about the subject of the text and words
associated with that subject to identify an unknown word within a text: meaning cues from each
sentence and the evolving whole.
Children use their prior knowledge, sense of the story, and pictures to support their predicting and
confirming the meaning of the text.
Syntactic Cues - ✔✔ correct answer hints that rely on language structure or rules (sometimes called
grammatical cues) Grammatical information in a text that readers process to construct meaning.
Content clues - ✔✔ correct answer surrounding words that help you figure out the meaning of
unfamiliar words
Syllabication - ✔✔ correct answer the ability to conceptualize and separate words into their basic
pronunciation components.
word structure - ✔✔ correct answer The way in which the parts of a word are arranged together-used to
determine a word's meaning
syllabication rules - ✔✔ correct answer rules for forming/dividing words into syllables
syllabication rules - ✔✔ correct answer . To find the number of syllables:Count the number of vowels (a,
e, i, o, u and sometimes y) Subtract any silent vowels (vowel, consonant, -e) Subtract one vowel from
every diphthong.(when two vowels go walking the first one does the talking)Divide between two double
consonants. Never split between digraphs.Usually divide before a single middle consonant.Divide before
the consonant before -le syllable.Divide off any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and root which have
vowel sounds.
ALL syllables have a vowel
, NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA
compound words - ✔✔ correct answer Two or more words combined to create a new word.
prefix - ✔✔ correct answer a syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning
Suffix - ✔✔ correct answer a group of letters placed at the end of a word to change its meaning
Inflectional suffixes - ✔✔ correct answer Indicate possession, gender, number in nouns, tense, voice,
person & number & mood in verbs, and comparison in adjectives; do not change the part of speech of
the base. (-ed, -ing)
Sight-word recognition - ✔✔ correct answer 1. a word that is immediately recognized as a whole and
does not require word analysis for identification. 2. a word taught as a whole. Note: Words that are
phonically irregular or are important to learn before students have the skills to decode them are often
taught as sight words.
Dolch List - ✔✔ correct answer A list of frequently used words compiled by Edward William Dolch, PhD,
a major proponent of the "whole-word" method of beginning reading instruction. Goes up to 3rd grade
Reading Fluency - ✔✔ correct answer ability to decode words quickly and accurately in order to read
text with appropriate word stress, pitch, and intonation pattern (prosody)..
This skill requires automacity of word recognition and reading with prosody to facilitate comprehension.
Vocabulary - ✔✔ correct answer a language user's knowledge of words. Important in Prereading
activities. Use graphic organizers and word webs to introduce and review
domain-Specific vocabulary words - ✔✔ correct answer Teacher discusses these when reading
nonfiction in order to develop content clues
Visual Clues - ✔✔ correct answer helps students construct meaning from unfamiliar text
Context clues - ✔✔ correct answer Clues in surrounding text that help the reader determine the
meaning of an unknown word.
