APSCP EXAM WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS (A+)
Bit
the smallest unit of information stored or manipulated on a computer(something that
consists of two values)
What does a bit consist of?
zero or one, False/true, Off/on, no/yes
How many bits are in a byte?
A group of 8 bits is a byte
Data abstraction
filtering out specific details to focus on the information needed to process the data
Sampling
recording an analog signal at regular discrete moments and converting them to a digital
signal
Data compression
a sequence of actions to pack data into a smaller space while allowing for the original
data to be viewed again. takes a string of bytes and compressing it down to a smaller
set of bytes
How to compress data
Encoding the algorithm that takes a message or image and generates a compressed
representation
Decode algorithm to reconstruct og message
, Lossless compression
reconstruct original data exactly for it. Used for texting and for images and sound
Lossy compression
cannot reconstruct but only a approximation of the original data. Some original pixels,
sound waves, and video frames are removed forever. Lower quality
Difference between data and information
Difference between data and information is that organized and structured data is
information. Information is obtained by extracting useful information from data
Analysis
Analysis is the manipulation of raw data into easy understandable and usable form
Metadata
Data that describes other data. Needed to classify and categorize data. It is more
informative then data
It is processed
Data
Data is simply the content that describes or reports anything
Some data is informative and may not be, raw data like numbers and characters are not
informative. Data can or cannot be unprocessed. Raw data is unprocessed
Data mining
the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
Data mining process
Bit
the smallest unit of information stored or manipulated on a computer(something that
consists of two values)
What does a bit consist of?
zero or one, False/true, Off/on, no/yes
How many bits are in a byte?
A group of 8 bits is a byte
Data abstraction
filtering out specific details to focus on the information needed to process the data
Sampling
recording an analog signal at regular discrete moments and converting them to a digital
signal
Data compression
a sequence of actions to pack data into a smaller space while allowing for the original
data to be viewed again. takes a string of bytes and compressing it down to a smaller
set of bytes
How to compress data
Encoding the algorithm that takes a message or image and generates a compressed
representation
Decode algorithm to reconstruct og message
, Lossless compression
reconstruct original data exactly for it. Used for texting and for images and sound
Lossy compression
cannot reconstruct but only a approximation of the original data. Some original pixels,
sound waves, and video frames are removed forever. Lower quality
Difference between data and information
Difference between data and information is that organized and structured data is
information. Information is obtained by extracting useful information from data
Analysis
Analysis is the manipulation of raw data into easy understandable and usable form
Metadata
Data that describes other data. Needed to classify and categorize data. It is more
informative then data
It is processed
Data
Data is simply the content that describes or reports anything
Some data is informative and may not be, raw data like numbers and characters are not
informative. Data can or cannot be unprocessed. Raw data is unprocessed
Data mining
the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
Data mining process
