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BIOC 3021 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
What are the major elements in living organisms? - answer✔C, H, O, N
What are the minor elements in living organisms? - answer✔P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl
What are trace elements in living organisms? - answer✔Fe, Zn, Cu
What are the 4 types of chemical bonds? - answer✔1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen Bonds
4. Weak Non-Polar Interactions
- van der Waals
- hydrophobic interactions
What are the 5 unique properties of water? - answer✔1. Cohesiveness/adhesiveness
2. High heat capacity
3. High heat of vaporization
4. Expansion upon freezing
5. Versatility as a solvent
What is a Bronsted Acid?
What is an Bronsted Base? - answer✔Acid = proton donor
Base = proton acceptor
How do you calculate pH? - answer✔-log[H3O+]
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? - answer✔pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
How do you calculate the buffer range of a solution? - answer✔pKa +/- 1
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system? What are its benefits? - answer✔CO2 +
H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+
pKa = 6.1, but CO2 can be removed or retained by respiration which can shift equilibrium.
Oxidation Levels of Carbon - answer✔Reduced -> Oxidized
Alkane, Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Carbon Dioxide
Catabolism - answer✔releases energy by oxidizing carbon atoms by moving them to a higher
oxidation state
Anabolism - answer✔uses energy to reduce carbon atoms by moving them to a lower oxidation
state
Reduced carbon - answer✔contains energy that the cell can use. because it is fully reduced, it
can be oxidized by using oxygen as the oxidizing agent and thus release the energy
Oxidized carbon - answer✔has no energy that the cell can capture, only plants can extract
energy and convert it to food source (photosynthesis)
Stereoisomers - answer✔D (R in organic chemistry) and L (S in organic chemistry)
L is the preferred form in nature
Non-Polar Amino Acids - answer✔Alanine (Ala)
Valine (Val)
Leucine (Leu)
IsoLuecine (Ile)
Methionine (Met)
Proline (Pro)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Tryptophan (Trp)
Polar Amino Acids - answer✔Serine (Ser)
Threonine (Thr)
Cysteine (Cys) pKa=8.3
2|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BIOC 3021 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
What are the major elements in living organisms? - answer✔C, H, O, N
What are the minor elements in living organisms? - answer✔P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl
What are trace elements in living organisms? - answer✔Fe, Zn, Cu
What are the 4 types of chemical bonds? - answer✔1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen Bonds
4. Weak Non-Polar Interactions
- van der Waals
- hydrophobic interactions
What are the 5 unique properties of water? - answer✔1. Cohesiveness/adhesiveness
2. High heat capacity
3. High heat of vaporization
4. Expansion upon freezing
5. Versatility as a solvent
What is a Bronsted Acid?
What is an Bronsted Base? - answer✔Acid = proton donor
Base = proton acceptor
How do you calculate pH? - answer✔-log[H3O+]
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? - answer✔pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
How do you calculate the buffer range of a solution? - answer✔pKa +/- 1
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system? What are its benefits? - answer✔CO2 +
H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+
pKa = 6.1, but CO2 can be removed or retained by respiration which can shift equilibrium.
Oxidation Levels of Carbon - answer✔Reduced -> Oxidized
Alkane, Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Carbon Dioxide
Catabolism - answer✔releases energy by oxidizing carbon atoms by moving them to a higher
oxidation state
Anabolism - answer✔uses energy to reduce carbon atoms by moving them to a lower oxidation
state
Reduced carbon - answer✔contains energy that the cell can use. because it is fully reduced, it
can be oxidized by using oxygen as the oxidizing agent and thus release the energy
Oxidized carbon - answer✔has no energy that the cell can capture, only plants can extract
energy and convert it to food source (photosynthesis)
Stereoisomers - answer✔D (R in organic chemistry) and L (S in organic chemistry)
L is the preferred form in nature
Non-Polar Amino Acids - answer✔Alanine (Ala)
Valine (Val)
Leucine (Leu)
IsoLuecine (Ile)
Methionine (Met)
Proline (Pro)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Tryptophan (Trp)
Polar Amino Acids - answer✔Serine (Ser)
Threonine (Thr)
Cysteine (Cys) pKa=8.3
2|Page
