Telemetry Exam with Questions
SOLVED 100%
what EKG wave is reflective of atrial depolarization? - ✔✔p
what EKG wave is reflective of ventricular depolarization? - ✔✔QRS
what is the significance of the ST segment? - ✔✔represents the interval between ventricular
depolarization and repolarization
what is the significance of the QT wave? - ✔✔measurement that represents the total time
from ventricular depolarization to complete repolarization
cardiac ouput - ✔✔amount of blood ejected from a ventricular in liters/minutes
cardiac output norms - ✔✔4-6 liters
3 factors that influence cardiac ouput - ✔✔heart rate
stroke volume
autonomic NS
preload - ✔✔amount of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what factors increase preload? - ✔✔hypertension
fluid replacement
what factors decrease preload? - ✔✔bleeding
diuretics
,vasodilators
dehydration
afterload - ✔✔resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle
frank-starling law - ✔✔The greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's contraction. This
increased contractility results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)
ejection fraction - ✔✔percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heartbeat
ejection fraction norms - ✔✔left ventricle 55-65%
ejection fraction points of concern - ✔✔less than 40% means ventricular
function should begin treatment for heart failure
mean arterial pressure - ✔✔average pressure with arterial system felt by organs
what is required to perfuse organs - ✔✔MAP 60 needed to perfuse vital organs
age-related changes atria - ✔✔increased atria/thickens
age related changes: left ventricle - ✔✔fibrosis/hypertrophy/fat
age related changes: valves - ✔✔thick/rigid/calcify
age related changes: conduction - ✔✔decreased conduction cells
age related changes: sympathetic nervous system - ✔✔decreased responses
, age related changes: aorta/arteries - ✔✔stiffens/decreased elasticity
age related changes: baroreceptor response - ✔✔decreased receptors
increased atria/thickens functional change - ✔✔increased irritability
fibrosis/hypertrophy/fat left ventricle functional change - ✔✔decreased output
prolonged systole
less compliant
thick/rigid/calcify valves functional changes - ✔✔altered blood flow
decreased conductance cells functional changes - ✔✔decreased impulses
decreased responses functional change - ✔✔decreased contractility/heart
rate decreased response oxygen
stiffens/decreases elasticity aorta/arteries functional changes - ✔✔left ventricular hypertrophy
decreased receptors baroreceptor response functional change - ✔✔poor regulation of
heart rate/vascular tone
angina triggers - ✔✔exertion
emotion
meals
angina remedy - ✔✔rest/nitroglycerine
SOLVED 100%
what EKG wave is reflective of atrial depolarization? - ✔✔p
what EKG wave is reflective of ventricular depolarization? - ✔✔QRS
what is the significance of the ST segment? - ✔✔represents the interval between ventricular
depolarization and repolarization
what is the significance of the QT wave? - ✔✔measurement that represents the total time
from ventricular depolarization to complete repolarization
cardiac ouput - ✔✔amount of blood ejected from a ventricular in liters/minutes
cardiac output norms - ✔✔4-6 liters
3 factors that influence cardiac ouput - ✔✔heart rate
stroke volume
autonomic NS
preload - ✔✔amount of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what factors increase preload? - ✔✔hypertension
fluid replacement
what factors decrease preload? - ✔✔bleeding
diuretics
,vasodilators
dehydration
afterload - ✔✔resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle
frank-starling law - ✔✔The greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's contraction. This
increased contractility results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)
ejection fraction - ✔✔percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heartbeat
ejection fraction norms - ✔✔left ventricle 55-65%
ejection fraction points of concern - ✔✔less than 40% means ventricular
function should begin treatment for heart failure
mean arterial pressure - ✔✔average pressure with arterial system felt by organs
what is required to perfuse organs - ✔✔MAP 60 needed to perfuse vital organs
age-related changes atria - ✔✔increased atria/thickens
age related changes: left ventricle - ✔✔fibrosis/hypertrophy/fat
age related changes: valves - ✔✔thick/rigid/calcify
age related changes: conduction - ✔✔decreased conduction cells
age related changes: sympathetic nervous system - ✔✔decreased responses
, age related changes: aorta/arteries - ✔✔stiffens/decreased elasticity
age related changes: baroreceptor response - ✔✔decreased receptors
increased atria/thickens functional change - ✔✔increased irritability
fibrosis/hypertrophy/fat left ventricle functional change - ✔✔decreased output
prolonged systole
less compliant
thick/rigid/calcify valves functional changes - ✔✔altered blood flow
decreased conductance cells functional changes - ✔✔decreased impulses
decreased responses functional change - ✔✔decreased contractility/heart
rate decreased response oxygen
stiffens/decreases elasticity aorta/arteries functional changes - ✔✔left ventricular hypertrophy
decreased receptors baroreceptor response functional change - ✔✔poor regulation of
heart rate/vascular tone
angina triggers - ✔✔exertion
emotion
meals
angina remedy - ✔✔rest/nitroglycerine
