Biochemistry - ANSWER The application of chemistry to the study of
biological processes at the cellular and molecular level
Central dogma - ANSWER Self-replicating DNA undergoes unidirectional
transfer to messenger RNAs in transcription which act as templates for protein
synthesis in translation
DNA - ANSWER Genetic information storage of all life (except of some
viruses). Deoxyribonucleic acid. Instructions to direct synthesis of RNA and
DNA
Atmosphere of early earth - ANSWER H2, CH4, NH3, HCN, H2O, some CO
and CO2
Miller-Urey experiment result - ANSWER Showed under conditions of early
earth building blocks like amino acids can arise
Evolution - ANSWER The ability to make a copy and retain information. Any
improvement to your system's ability to be reproduced is selected for and
improved upon with each cycle
Polymerization reactions - ANSWER Reactions to create polymers of the basic
building blocks
RNA world hypothesis - ANSWER A hypothetical stage in the evolutionary
history of life of Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated
before the evolution of DNA and proteins
Why do we use DNA? - ANSWER Presence of the 2'OH group on RNA
significantly reduces its stability
Coulombs law - ANSWER E = (kQaQb)/εr
, Van der Waals forces - ANSWER Noncovalent interactions occurring between
neutral groups that are brought close together
Bond angle of water - ANSWER 104.5°
Hydrogen bond - ANSWER Electrostatic attraction between oxygen of one
water molecule and the hydrogen of another
Hydrogen bond donor - ANSWER The atom to which the hydrogen atom
participating in the hydrogen bond is covalently bonded (NOF)
Hydrogen bond acceptor - ANSWER The atom of a hydrogen bond which
does not supply the hydrogen atom
Rate of breaking and forming hydrogen bonds in water - ANSWER 1-20
picoseconds
Average hydrogen bonds per water molecule - ANSWER 3.4
Hydrophobic effect - ANSWER The ability of water to push together nonpolar
molecules. Due to increase in entropy.
Covalent bond - ANSWER Bond between atoms that share electrons
Hydrophilic molecules - ANSWER Molecules that interact with polar solvents
such as water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER Molecules with little or no H-bonding capacity,
nonpolar
Amphipathic - ANSWER Molecules that are both polar and non polar
Micelles - ANSWER Clusters of amphipathic lipids
Acid - ANSWER Any compound that can donate protons
Kw of water at 25°C - ANSWER 10^-14 M⁻¹
biological processes at the cellular and molecular level
Central dogma - ANSWER Self-replicating DNA undergoes unidirectional
transfer to messenger RNAs in transcription which act as templates for protein
synthesis in translation
DNA - ANSWER Genetic information storage of all life (except of some
viruses). Deoxyribonucleic acid. Instructions to direct synthesis of RNA and
DNA
Atmosphere of early earth - ANSWER H2, CH4, NH3, HCN, H2O, some CO
and CO2
Miller-Urey experiment result - ANSWER Showed under conditions of early
earth building blocks like amino acids can arise
Evolution - ANSWER The ability to make a copy and retain information. Any
improvement to your system's ability to be reproduced is selected for and
improved upon with each cycle
Polymerization reactions - ANSWER Reactions to create polymers of the basic
building blocks
RNA world hypothesis - ANSWER A hypothetical stage in the evolutionary
history of life of Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated
before the evolution of DNA and proteins
Why do we use DNA? - ANSWER Presence of the 2'OH group on RNA
significantly reduces its stability
Coulombs law - ANSWER E = (kQaQb)/εr
, Van der Waals forces - ANSWER Noncovalent interactions occurring between
neutral groups that are brought close together
Bond angle of water - ANSWER 104.5°
Hydrogen bond - ANSWER Electrostatic attraction between oxygen of one
water molecule and the hydrogen of another
Hydrogen bond donor - ANSWER The atom to which the hydrogen atom
participating in the hydrogen bond is covalently bonded (NOF)
Hydrogen bond acceptor - ANSWER The atom of a hydrogen bond which
does not supply the hydrogen atom
Rate of breaking and forming hydrogen bonds in water - ANSWER 1-20
picoseconds
Average hydrogen bonds per water molecule - ANSWER 3.4
Hydrophobic effect - ANSWER The ability of water to push together nonpolar
molecules. Due to increase in entropy.
Covalent bond - ANSWER Bond between atoms that share electrons
Hydrophilic molecules - ANSWER Molecules that interact with polar solvents
such as water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER Molecules with little or no H-bonding capacity,
nonpolar
Amphipathic - ANSWER Molecules that are both polar and non polar
Micelles - ANSWER Clusters of amphipathic lipids
Acid - ANSWER Any compound that can donate protons
Kw of water at 25°C - ANSWER 10^-14 M⁻¹
