what is metabolism? - ANSWER the science of energy conversion
when do organisms store energy? - ANSWER during growth ie as cellulose or
muscle fibers
about what per cent of the genome are genes for metabolism? - ANSWER 20
what is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER isolated system tends
towards disorder
the quality of energy depends on how much of it is "_______" - ANSWER
free
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy? (energy available? - ANSWER
G=H-TS
what is S in the free energy equation? - ANSWER entropy (disorder)
what is H in the free energy equation? - ANSWER enthalpy (total energy of
the system)
what is the sign of G for an spontaneous process? - ANSWER negative
,what causes the energy of individual molecules to fluctuate? - ANSWER
collision with other molecules
sometimes, the energy fluctuations of individual molecules causes them to over
the _______________________ - ANSWER activation energy
When _________ lower activation energy, they make it more probable that
molecules will reach that activation energy through fluctuation - ANSWER
enzymes
_____ binding distorts 3D structures of proteins which introduces strain energy
into the structure of the protein - ANSWER ATP
Relaxation of the strain of ATP binding will smash the reactants together and
the energy there is enough to drive synthesis or will tear substrates apart
depending on what the reaction is - ANSWER relaxation
how is the substrate held in the substrate binding pocket? - ANSWER
noncovalently
reduction is ___________ and election - ANSWER gaining
when glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O it is being __________ (burnt) -
ANSWER oxidized
We burn sugar and harvest its __________ (that's the energy we harvest out of
food) - ANSWER electrons
, what is the main electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - ANSWER
NAD+
how is NAD+ reduced to NADH? - ANSWER acquiring an H+ and 2 e-
what is the second electron acceptor of metabolic redox reactions? - ANSWER
FAD
how does FAD get reduced to FADH2? - ANSWER by gaining 2H+ and 2e-
when does FAD become the electron acceptor? - ANSWER when the energy is
not sufficient to reduce NAD+
__________ (an enzyme) positions NAD+ into position to be reduced, so when
breakdown happens the electron goes firing right in NAD+ - ANSWER
GADPH
why does the positioning of NAD+ have to be so precise? - ANSWER so the
electron fired doesn't hit an oxygen around it
what type of energy do we use as a baseline for cellular energy scales? -
ANSWER thermal energy
what is thermal energy? - ANSWER random kinetic energy of molecules
colliding in solution (random kinetic energy that comes from heat)
when do organisms store energy? - ANSWER during growth ie as cellulose or
muscle fibers
about what per cent of the genome are genes for metabolism? - ANSWER 20
what is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER isolated system tends
towards disorder
the quality of energy depends on how much of it is "_______" - ANSWER
free
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy? (energy available? - ANSWER
G=H-TS
what is S in the free energy equation? - ANSWER entropy (disorder)
what is H in the free energy equation? - ANSWER enthalpy (total energy of
the system)
what is the sign of G for an spontaneous process? - ANSWER negative
,what causes the energy of individual molecules to fluctuate? - ANSWER
collision with other molecules
sometimes, the energy fluctuations of individual molecules causes them to over
the _______________________ - ANSWER activation energy
When _________ lower activation energy, they make it more probable that
molecules will reach that activation energy through fluctuation - ANSWER
enzymes
_____ binding distorts 3D structures of proteins which introduces strain energy
into the structure of the protein - ANSWER ATP
Relaxation of the strain of ATP binding will smash the reactants together and
the energy there is enough to drive synthesis or will tear substrates apart
depending on what the reaction is - ANSWER relaxation
how is the substrate held in the substrate binding pocket? - ANSWER
noncovalently
reduction is ___________ and election - ANSWER gaining
when glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O it is being __________ (burnt) -
ANSWER oxidized
We burn sugar and harvest its __________ (that's the energy we harvest out of
food) - ANSWER electrons
, what is the main electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - ANSWER
NAD+
how is NAD+ reduced to NADH? - ANSWER acquiring an H+ and 2 e-
what is the second electron acceptor of metabolic redox reactions? - ANSWER
FAD
how does FAD get reduced to FADH2? - ANSWER by gaining 2H+ and 2e-
when does FAD become the electron acceptor? - ANSWER when the energy is
not sufficient to reduce NAD+
__________ (an enzyme) positions NAD+ into position to be reduced, so when
breakdown happens the electron goes firing right in NAD+ - ANSWER
GADPH
why does the positioning of NAD+ have to be so precise? - ANSWER so the
electron fired doesn't hit an oxygen around it
what type of energy do we use as a baseline for cellular energy scales? -
ANSWER thermal energy
what is thermal energy? - ANSWER random kinetic energy of molecules
colliding in solution (random kinetic energy that comes from heat)
