Ivy Tech APHY 101 Midterm
Atom? - ANS-The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
Chromatin - ANS-
Define catalyst. - ANS-a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Define denaturization. - ANS-
Define diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration, active transport, endocytosis
(phagocytosis, pinocytosis), exocytosis, and transcytosis. Which of these requires energy
(ATP)? - ANS-
Define homeostasis. - ANS-The body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable, so that it's
cells can survive.
Define Matter? - ANS-Matter-Anything that has mass and takes up space
Define nucleus. - ANS-Nucleus-it carries DNA it is responsible for reproduction and making
protein; it also has two layers
Define synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions. - ANS-Synthesis-The production of
chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials
Decomposition-The breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into elements of
simpler compounds
Exchange-a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical
bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released
Describe these parts of a cell: Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytosol and organelles. -
ANS-Cell membrane-Controls what moved in and out of the cell, selectively permeable, outer
limits of a cell
Nucleus-
Cytoplasm-
Cytosol-Liquid surrounded by cell membrane
Organelles-Solids surrounded by cell membrane
Electron? - ANS-A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Element? - ANS-A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means.
Explain each of these events of the cell cycle: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis. - ANS-
Explain the structure of a triglyceride, phospholipid and steroid molecule. What are the functions
of each of these molecules? - ANS-Tri-Lipid providing long-term energy storage in adipose
connective tissue; composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. Provide your body with energy,
, but their main function is to store energy for later use. The food you eat contains calories in the
form of carbohydrates, protein and fat
Phosph-Lipid that form bilayers of the plasma membrane
Steroid-Groups of lipids including bile salts, cholesterol, and some hormones; molecule is
composed of four attached hydrocarbon rings. Hormones help control metabolism,
inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics,
and the ability to withstand illness and injury.
How are most epithelial tissues named? (hint: cell shape and number of layers) - ANS-
How does an enzyme convert a substrate to a product? - ANS-
How is a protein made? (know what mRNA, tRNA, anticodons, codons, ribosomes are) - ANS-
How is DNA replicated? - ANS-
How is RNA made? - ANS-
Know the basic differences between the main types of connective tissues. - ANS-
Know the general characteristics of cartilage and bone connective tissues. - ANS-
Neutron? - ANS-Same as proton with no charge.
nuclear envelope - ANS-
Nuclear pores? - ANS-
Nucleolus - ANS-
Proton? - ANS-Positive charged elementary particle.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids? - ANS-Carbohydrates-An organic
molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids-Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are
insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and
steroids.
Proteins-Organic molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acid monomers
Nucleic acids-An organic molecule composed of nucleotide monomers; in DNA and RNA. These
store genetic information in the cell.
What are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds? What are the differences among the three? -
ANS-Covalent- when atoms share electrons
Ionic-when cations and anions bind together
hydrogen-A weak attraction formed when a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to a
slightly negative atom within either the same molecule or a different molecule
What are enzymes? - ANS-Many of these types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition,
exchange, and reversible) need what to speed up the reaction with lower amounts of energy
What are the characteristics of DNA? (what does it look like, what does it do?) - ANS-
What are the characteristics of life? Define each. - ANS-Movement, Responsiveness, Growth,
Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion.
Atom? - ANS-The smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element
Chromatin - ANS-
Define catalyst. - ANS-a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Define denaturization. - ANS-
Define diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration, active transport, endocytosis
(phagocytosis, pinocytosis), exocytosis, and transcytosis. Which of these requires energy
(ATP)? - ANS-
Define homeostasis. - ANS-The body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable, so that it's
cells can survive.
Define Matter? - ANS-Matter-Anything that has mass and takes up space
Define nucleus. - ANS-Nucleus-it carries DNA it is responsible for reproduction and making
protein; it also has two layers
Define synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions. - ANS-Synthesis-The production of
chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials
Decomposition-The breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into elements of
simpler compounds
Exchange-a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical
bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released
Describe these parts of a cell: Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytosol and organelles. -
ANS-Cell membrane-Controls what moved in and out of the cell, selectively permeable, outer
limits of a cell
Nucleus-
Cytoplasm-
Cytosol-Liquid surrounded by cell membrane
Organelles-Solids surrounded by cell membrane
Electron? - ANS-A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Element? - ANS-A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means.
Explain each of these events of the cell cycle: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis. - ANS-
Explain the structure of a triglyceride, phospholipid and steroid molecule. What are the functions
of each of these molecules? - ANS-Tri-Lipid providing long-term energy storage in adipose
connective tissue; composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. Provide your body with energy,
, but their main function is to store energy for later use. The food you eat contains calories in the
form of carbohydrates, protein and fat
Phosph-Lipid that form bilayers of the plasma membrane
Steroid-Groups of lipids including bile salts, cholesterol, and some hormones; molecule is
composed of four attached hydrocarbon rings. Hormones help control metabolism,
inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics,
and the ability to withstand illness and injury.
How are most epithelial tissues named? (hint: cell shape and number of layers) - ANS-
How does an enzyme convert a substrate to a product? - ANS-
How is a protein made? (know what mRNA, tRNA, anticodons, codons, ribosomes are) - ANS-
How is DNA replicated? - ANS-
How is RNA made? - ANS-
Know the basic differences between the main types of connective tissues. - ANS-
Know the general characteristics of cartilage and bone connective tissues. - ANS-
Neutron? - ANS-Same as proton with no charge.
nuclear envelope - ANS-
Nuclear pores? - ANS-
Nucleolus - ANS-
Proton? - ANS-Positive charged elementary particle.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids? - ANS-Carbohydrates-An organic
molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids-Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are
insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and
steroids.
Proteins-Organic molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acid monomers
Nucleic acids-An organic molecule composed of nucleotide monomers; in DNA and RNA. These
store genetic information in the cell.
What are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds? What are the differences among the three? -
ANS-Covalent- when atoms share electrons
Ionic-when cations and anions bind together
hydrogen-A weak attraction formed when a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to a
slightly negative atom within either the same molecule or a different molecule
What are enzymes? - ANS-Many of these types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition,
exchange, and reversible) need what to speed up the reaction with lower amounts of energy
What are the characteristics of DNA? (what does it look like, what does it do?) - ANS-
What are the characteristics of life? Define each. - ANS-Movement, Responsiveness, Growth,
Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion.
