AP USGOV EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Party Polarization - ANSWER The voting of your vote is based on the party that you
belong to.
Mandatory spending - ANSWER Required by law created by Congress. For example:
social security, meidcare, Medicaid
Discretionary Spending - ANSWER Spending that has not been decided and is up for
debate. For example: Funding of the Ukrainian War
Block Grants - ANSWER Large sums of money given to states by the federal
government, with less requirements in comparison to categorical grants. However, they
are not as common today.
Categorical grants - ANSWER Grants from the federal government with strings
attached. They have conditions or parameters that states must fulfill in order to receive
the benefits of the grant.
Federal Mandates - ANSWER Require states to comply with a federal directive,
sometimes with the reward of funds and sometimes-unfunded mandates- without
Federalist 51 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: A system of checks and balances have been
ingrained into the Constitution to prevent any one branch from assuming too much
power, and uk taking over everything.
In Federalist 51, James Madison attempts to convince the public that the creation of 3
branches of government would be less difficult in practice than on paper. Each
department should "nominally"(only in name and not in practice) not be too heavily
reliant on the other branches and should be able to function on its own. A major
question the founding fathers were forced to answer arises:How do you enable the
government to control the governed; and allow it at the same time to control itself?
,Without question, the answer to the question previously asked is the people.However, it
cannot be the only solution because experience has taught mankind that more than one
check is necessary.So, the branches must all have distributions of power and develop a
system where people are constantly attempting to divide and arrange several offices in
such a way that it becomes a check.However, you cannot give each branch the same
powers.So, you gotta rip the legislative branch in two with different voting systems(may
be bad cuz efficiency goes↓but it's not cuz it's is a check on..smth) Futrhermoe a
republic is special because:1)A single republic the power of the people is surrendered
to representatives and then even further into two Congressional branches.Creating a
double security to the rights of the people.2-It is also the highest priority of a republic to
guard society against the oppression of its rulers, but also the injustice that one part of
society could commit to the other part of society.To stop this from happening: 1)create a
will separate from society itself. 2)Create an exemplified federal republic of the US that
is so divided that no one can be in dange
Federalist 10 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: Talks about how factions are necessary for the
survival of a democracy
In Federalist 10, James Madision, discusses how it is understood that the creation of
factions are a worry of many people if the new Constitution were to be established.
Madision states that if one were to eliminate factions there would only be two ways to do
so: 1- Destroy liberty: TL;DR: Without liberty factions won't exist. BUT getting rid of
liberty would be stupid and foolish, because liberty creates politics that drive a
government.
2- Creating a mundane and monotonous society: TL;DR: Factions come from differing
opinions and are the circumstances of mankind. Creating a mundane society without
any of these things would lead a violation of the rights the government was created with
the purpose of protecting. SO this is a BIG NO NO!(imagine me shaking a finger plz)
Since both of these are out of the question, Madision states that the only solution is to
control the effects of them:
1- You can allow tyranny of the majority, but this mainly only works in a pure democracy
( a society consisting a "small number of citizens who have assembled and administer
the government in person, can admit of no cure for the mischiefs of factions." BUT such
democracies that have been created have been thought only resulted in "spectacles of
turbulence and contention" aka: pure democracy=CHAOS. So the founders were like
NOPE!
2- OR you could form a republic (aka a representative deomcracy).
Then, Madision goes on to describe the difference between a pure democracy and a
republic (BUT for ur sake I think this is all you'll need to know )
, Brutus No.1 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: An anti-federalist paper representing concerns of
the federal government gaining more power, while states are loosing their own power.
Brutus also expresses conerns for the loss of protection of individual rights→lead to the
Bill of Rights
Brutus start off by recognizing that the Articles of Confederation were a mistake and
they were flawed and it needs to be corrected. However, the new government that is
formed must protect everyone's unalienable rights and more. Brutus complains that the
new government places too much power in the central federal government. As a result it
no longer will be able function as republics under the control of citizens. Brutus points
to the Necessary and Proper Clause as evidence of the government being given too
much power through the Constitution. Brutus argues that yes, the states are given
power, but the powers that are important are reserved to the federal government.
Clearly illustrating that the new constitution will not support limited government. Brutus
uses other evidences such as how federal courts will eventually destroy state courts;
the central legislative's ability to raise and maintain an army even in peacetime( will lead
to the end of liberty); and how through human nature the federal government will
inevitable amass more power. Brutus states the the colonies are too large for
republicanism to an efficient method, because diverse interests will lead to constant
bickering. Because of all of these problems, the legislature will pass and support few
laws causing people to loose faith in a governmental system that does not support their
interests. Representative and electives will amass and abuse their power is the final
argument made by Brutus.
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: A failure: Created states with too much
power, no executive branch, no way for the federal government to enforce laws or
effectively make laws. The government government had little to no interaction in
international and Native American affairs and no way to create an army.
Constitution - ANSWER Article 1: Establishes the Legislative Branch
Article 2: Establishes the Executive Branch
Article 3: Establishes the Judicial Branch
Article 4: Defines the relationship between state and federal government
Article 5: How to amend the Constitution
Article 6: Supremacy Clause
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Party Polarization - ANSWER The voting of your vote is based on the party that you
belong to.
Mandatory spending - ANSWER Required by law created by Congress. For example:
social security, meidcare, Medicaid
Discretionary Spending - ANSWER Spending that has not been decided and is up for
debate. For example: Funding of the Ukrainian War
Block Grants - ANSWER Large sums of money given to states by the federal
government, with less requirements in comparison to categorical grants. However, they
are not as common today.
Categorical grants - ANSWER Grants from the federal government with strings
attached. They have conditions or parameters that states must fulfill in order to receive
the benefits of the grant.
Federal Mandates - ANSWER Require states to comply with a federal directive,
sometimes with the reward of funds and sometimes-unfunded mandates- without
Federalist 51 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: A system of checks and balances have been
ingrained into the Constitution to prevent any one branch from assuming too much
power, and uk taking over everything.
In Federalist 51, James Madison attempts to convince the public that the creation of 3
branches of government would be less difficult in practice than on paper. Each
department should "nominally"(only in name and not in practice) not be too heavily
reliant on the other branches and should be able to function on its own. A major
question the founding fathers were forced to answer arises:How do you enable the
government to control the governed; and allow it at the same time to control itself?
,Without question, the answer to the question previously asked is the people.However, it
cannot be the only solution because experience has taught mankind that more than one
check is necessary.So, the branches must all have distributions of power and develop a
system where people are constantly attempting to divide and arrange several offices in
such a way that it becomes a check.However, you cannot give each branch the same
powers.So, you gotta rip the legislative branch in two with different voting systems(may
be bad cuz efficiency goes↓but it's not cuz it's is a check on..smth) Futrhermoe a
republic is special because:1)A single republic the power of the people is surrendered
to representatives and then even further into two Congressional branches.Creating a
double security to the rights of the people.2-It is also the highest priority of a republic to
guard society against the oppression of its rulers, but also the injustice that one part of
society could commit to the other part of society.To stop this from happening: 1)create a
will separate from society itself. 2)Create an exemplified federal republic of the US that
is so divided that no one can be in dange
Federalist 10 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: Talks about how factions are necessary for the
survival of a democracy
In Federalist 10, James Madision, discusses how it is understood that the creation of
factions are a worry of many people if the new Constitution were to be established.
Madision states that if one were to eliminate factions there would only be two ways to do
so: 1- Destroy liberty: TL;DR: Without liberty factions won't exist. BUT getting rid of
liberty would be stupid and foolish, because liberty creates politics that drive a
government.
2- Creating a mundane and monotonous society: TL;DR: Factions come from differing
opinions and are the circumstances of mankind. Creating a mundane society without
any of these things would lead a violation of the rights the government was created with
the purpose of protecting. SO this is a BIG NO NO!(imagine me shaking a finger plz)
Since both of these are out of the question, Madision states that the only solution is to
control the effects of them:
1- You can allow tyranny of the majority, but this mainly only works in a pure democracy
( a society consisting a "small number of citizens who have assembled and administer
the government in person, can admit of no cure for the mischiefs of factions." BUT such
democracies that have been created have been thought only resulted in "spectacles of
turbulence and contention" aka: pure democracy=CHAOS. So the founders were like
NOPE!
2- OR you could form a republic (aka a representative deomcracy).
Then, Madision goes on to describe the difference between a pure democracy and a
republic (BUT for ur sake I think this is all you'll need to know )
, Brutus No.1 - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: An anti-federalist paper representing concerns of
the federal government gaining more power, while states are loosing their own power.
Brutus also expresses conerns for the loss of protection of individual rights→lead to the
Bill of Rights
Brutus start off by recognizing that the Articles of Confederation were a mistake and
they were flawed and it needs to be corrected. However, the new government that is
formed must protect everyone's unalienable rights and more. Brutus complains that the
new government places too much power in the central federal government. As a result it
no longer will be able function as republics under the control of citizens. Brutus points
to the Necessary and Proper Clause as evidence of the government being given too
much power through the Constitution. Brutus argues that yes, the states are given
power, but the powers that are important are reserved to the federal government.
Clearly illustrating that the new constitution will not support limited government. Brutus
uses other evidences such as how federal courts will eventually destroy state courts;
the central legislative's ability to raise and maintain an army even in peacetime( will lead
to the end of liberty); and how through human nature the federal government will
inevitable amass more power. Brutus states the the colonies are too large for
republicanism to an efficient method, because diverse interests will lead to constant
bickering. Because of all of these problems, the legislature will pass and support few
laws causing people to loose faith in a governmental system that does not support their
interests. Representative and electives will amass and abuse their power is the final
argument made by Brutus.
Articles of Confederation - ANSWER MAIN IDEA: A failure: Created states with too much
power, no executive branch, no way for the federal government to enforce laws or
effectively make laws. The government government had little to no interaction in
international and Native American affairs and no way to create an army.
Constitution - ANSWER Article 1: Establishes the Legislative Branch
Article 2: Establishes the Executive Branch
Article 3: Establishes the Judicial Branch
Article 4: Defines the relationship between state and federal government
Article 5: How to amend the Constitution
Article 6: Supremacy Clause
