HTHSCI 1RR3 TEST 2 (Units
4,5,6)Questions & Answers(RATED A+)
Occupation is a type of which social determinants of health? -
ANSWERSTRUCTURAL social determinants of health inequities, specifically under
socioeconomic position
In general, unemployment and job insecurity lead to: - ANSWERPoor health
outcomes, both physically and mentally.
Employment protection in Canada: - ANSWEROrganization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD)
Purpose of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): -
ANSWERSets standards for responsible business conduct across a range of issues
such as human rights, labour rights, and the environment.
What is Canada's rank in the employment protection index which protects
employment and provides benefits to temporary workers? - ANSWERCanada ranks
poorly - 35th out of 36th.
Job strain - ANSWERexists when people's autonomy over their work and their ability
to use their skills are low, while the psychological demands placed upon them are
high
effort-reward imbalance - ANSWER- When efforts are perceived to be higher than
rewards, this leads to emotional distress.
- It underlines the health importance of rewards (monetary, esteem, respect) being in
line with the demands (pressure and responsibility at work).
Organizational justice - ANSWERreflects the extent to which people perceive that
their supervisor considers their viewpoints, shares information concerning decision
making, and treats individuals fairly.
Why are working conditions important SDoH? - ANSWER- Great amount of time
spent in workplace
- People already vulnerable are most likely to experience health threatening working
conditions
Key work dimensions shaping health outcomes - ANSWERjob strain, effort-reward
imbalance, organizational justice, work hours, status inconsistency, precarious work
Work hours - ANSWERThe number of hours usually worked. Too many (burnout)
and too few hours (income insecurity) are both related to health problems.
Status inconsistency - ANSWERaka "goal-striving stress." When an individual's level
of education is higher than the skills he/she requires for the occupation.
,Precarious work - ANSWEREmployment that is uncertain, unstable, and insecure
across various dimensions of work.
It is also associated with social and economic vulnerability.
Key points from TED Talk - Guy Standing: What is the precariat: - ANSWER-
Individuals who work precarious jobs
- Unstable labour and living conditions
- Full-time labour hours
- Individuals rely on wages - no sick pays, vacation pays, or pension
Trends of precious work in professions: - ANSWER- more than 1 in 5 Canadian
professionals have precious jobs (2018).
- Healthcare professionals have high incidence of precarious jobs due to unit
closures (moving from one workplace to another)
- Workers at Toronto Public Library also have high incidence of precarious jobs due
to unpredictable work schedules (from the TED Talk)
Why is precarious work higher in the OLDER population than younger population? -
ANSWER"It could be that the labour market is squeezing older professionals out of
secure jobs, but more research is required to understand the nature of the age
differential."
Why is precarious work higher for professionals with less than five years of
experience? - ANSWERResearch suggests that experience pays off. Low
experience = high incidence of precarious employment, and vice versa.
Historical labour market transformation: - ANSWER- Farming/agriculture
- 1st and 2nd industrial revolution
- 3rd industrial revolution: technology/knowledge economy
- 4th industrial revolution: artificial intelligence
Trends of the labour market today: - ANSWER- Careers related to developing
projects (such as project management, consultant, coordinator)
- Individuals work in several jobs over the course of a lifetime
- More "boundaryless" careers as opposed to "vertical ladder" careers
Boundaryless career - ANSWER- often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile
work, networks and virtual communities of practice
- more "flexibility" in jobs and self-employment
- false sense of self-employment
- precarious work
- new classifications of employment statuses (casual, contract, temporary, part-time,
etc.)
- "gig" economy
Traditional career - ANSWERRepresents industrial work - one stop shop, first
job/last job, climbing the vertical ladder
, What is Canada's unemployment rate? - ANSWERRemained unchanged at 5.7 % in
August 2019
Unemployment rate - ANSWERthe percentage of the labor force (15-64 y.o.) actively
looking for a job
Employment rate - ANSWERThe number of people employed divided by the total
labour force expressed as a percentage
Where does the word "precariat" come from? - ANSWER- PRECArious (insecure)
- proletaRIAT (working-class)
Job vs income security - ANSWER- Job security: enables economic and social
inclusion
- Income security: enables economic inclusion only
Kimberle Crenshaw - intersectionality - ANSWERDescribes how the socioeconomic
position of a person (such as class, gender, race) intersect and overlap with another,
creating systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
Why is there a pay gap? - ANSWER-racialized workers are more willing to work but
have a harder time finding jobs
-jobs found are more likely to be part time, low wage, insecure
Pay gap - ANSWERRacialized workers earn less than non-racialized workers
Gender-based employment inequity - ANSWERnon-racialized women earn less than
non-radicalized men
Race-based employment inequity - ANSWERracialized men/women earn less than
non-racialized men/women
Gender based + race based inequity (intersectionality) - ANSWERRacialized women
earn less than non-racialized men
Impacts of Covid-19 to employment - ANSWER- Indigenous and racialized
households are more severely impacted
- Racialized workers are more likely to suffer job losses and are at higher risk for
infection
Populations most impacted by employment insecurity - ANSWER- women
- youth
- new immigrants
- racialized minorities
- persons with disabilities
- persons with lower education
Is insecurity randomly or not randomly distributed? - ANSWERNot randomly
distributed (hello stats my old friend)
4,5,6)Questions & Answers(RATED A+)
Occupation is a type of which social determinants of health? -
ANSWERSTRUCTURAL social determinants of health inequities, specifically under
socioeconomic position
In general, unemployment and job insecurity lead to: - ANSWERPoor health
outcomes, both physically and mentally.
Employment protection in Canada: - ANSWEROrganization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD)
Purpose of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): -
ANSWERSets standards for responsible business conduct across a range of issues
such as human rights, labour rights, and the environment.
What is Canada's rank in the employment protection index which protects
employment and provides benefits to temporary workers? - ANSWERCanada ranks
poorly - 35th out of 36th.
Job strain - ANSWERexists when people's autonomy over their work and their ability
to use their skills are low, while the psychological demands placed upon them are
high
effort-reward imbalance - ANSWER- When efforts are perceived to be higher than
rewards, this leads to emotional distress.
- It underlines the health importance of rewards (monetary, esteem, respect) being in
line with the demands (pressure and responsibility at work).
Organizational justice - ANSWERreflects the extent to which people perceive that
their supervisor considers their viewpoints, shares information concerning decision
making, and treats individuals fairly.
Why are working conditions important SDoH? - ANSWER- Great amount of time
spent in workplace
- People already vulnerable are most likely to experience health threatening working
conditions
Key work dimensions shaping health outcomes - ANSWERjob strain, effort-reward
imbalance, organizational justice, work hours, status inconsistency, precarious work
Work hours - ANSWERThe number of hours usually worked. Too many (burnout)
and too few hours (income insecurity) are both related to health problems.
Status inconsistency - ANSWERaka "goal-striving stress." When an individual's level
of education is higher than the skills he/she requires for the occupation.
,Precarious work - ANSWEREmployment that is uncertain, unstable, and insecure
across various dimensions of work.
It is also associated with social and economic vulnerability.
Key points from TED Talk - Guy Standing: What is the precariat: - ANSWER-
Individuals who work precarious jobs
- Unstable labour and living conditions
- Full-time labour hours
- Individuals rely on wages - no sick pays, vacation pays, or pension
Trends of precious work in professions: - ANSWER- more than 1 in 5 Canadian
professionals have precious jobs (2018).
- Healthcare professionals have high incidence of precarious jobs due to unit
closures (moving from one workplace to another)
- Workers at Toronto Public Library also have high incidence of precarious jobs due
to unpredictable work schedules (from the TED Talk)
Why is precarious work higher in the OLDER population than younger population? -
ANSWER"It could be that the labour market is squeezing older professionals out of
secure jobs, but more research is required to understand the nature of the age
differential."
Why is precarious work higher for professionals with less than five years of
experience? - ANSWERResearch suggests that experience pays off. Low
experience = high incidence of precarious employment, and vice versa.
Historical labour market transformation: - ANSWER- Farming/agriculture
- 1st and 2nd industrial revolution
- 3rd industrial revolution: technology/knowledge economy
- 4th industrial revolution: artificial intelligence
Trends of the labour market today: - ANSWER- Careers related to developing
projects (such as project management, consultant, coordinator)
- Individuals work in several jobs over the course of a lifetime
- More "boundaryless" careers as opposed to "vertical ladder" careers
Boundaryless career - ANSWER- often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile
work, networks and virtual communities of practice
- more "flexibility" in jobs and self-employment
- false sense of self-employment
- precarious work
- new classifications of employment statuses (casual, contract, temporary, part-time,
etc.)
- "gig" economy
Traditional career - ANSWERRepresents industrial work - one stop shop, first
job/last job, climbing the vertical ladder
, What is Canada's unemployment rate? - ANSWERRemained unchanged at 5.7 % in
August 2019
Unemployment rate - ANSWERthe percentage of the labor force (15-64 y.o.) actively
looking for a job
Employment rate - ANSWERThe number of people employed divided by the total
labour force expressed as a percentage
Where does the word "precariat" come from? - ANSWER- PRECArious (insecure)
- proletaRIAT (working-class)
Job vs income security - ANSWER- Job security: enables economic and social
inclusion
- Income security: enables economic inclusion only
Kimberle Crenshaw - intersectionality - ANSWERDescribes how the socioeconomic
position of a person (such as class, gender, race) intersect and overlap with another,
creating systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
Why is there a pay gap? - ANSWER-racialized workers are more willing to work but
have a harder time finding jobs
-jobs found are more likely to be part time, low wage, insecure
Pay gap - ANSWERRacialized workers earn less than non-racialized workers
Gender-based employment inequity - ANSWERnon-racialized women earn less than
non-radicalized men
Race-based employment inequity - ANSWERracialized men/women earn less than
non-racialized men/women
Gender based + race based inequity (intersectionality) - ANSWERRacialized women
earn less than non-racialized men
Impacts of Covid-19 to employment - ANSWER- Indigenous and racialized
households are more severely impacted
- Racialized workers are more likely to suffer job losses and are at higher risk for
infection
Populations most impacted by employment insecurity - ANSWER- women
- youth
- new immigrants
- racialized minorities
- persons with disabilities
- persons with lower education
Is insecurity randomly or not randomly distributed? - ANSWERNot randomly
distributed (hello stats my old friend)
