NCE/CPCE- Social and Cultural
Diversity 2025-2026 fully
solved & updated (100%
accuracy)
Solomon Asch - answer conformity; showed that social pressure can make
a person say something that is obviously incorrect ; in a famous study in
which participants were shown cards with lines of different lengths and
were asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length
D.R Atkinson - answer primary barrier to cross-cultural
counseling=traditional counseling (nonegalitarian, office bound, using
intrapsychic models)
Shared similar experiences are not necessary
Leon Festinger - answer Theory of Social Comparison
Theory of Social Comparison - answer first try to make evaluations of
abilities and opinions through objective means, but if unavailable,
compare themselves with others
If comparisons are with divergent others, evaluations are imprecise or
unstable
Comparisons with moderately different others produce changes that
ensure uniformity in the group
Margaret Mead - answer United States anthropologist noted for her claims
about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-
1978); one's core identity emerges from individual's ability to perceive
and share the attitudes and definitions of others toward one's self
P.B Pederson - answer Triad Model; trainee participates in role playing
with a client from a different cultural background and an anti-counselor
playing an alter ego similar to client's culture
,Zimbardo - answer Stanford Prison Experiment
Role Theory - answer Each culture defines roles within its own system
Each roles requires a partner role to complete function (ex. parent-child)
Individual will fulfill more than one role at a time resulting in conflict
Goal: Role integration
Family Life Cycle Stages - answer * Married couples (without children)
* Child bearing families (oldest child birth to 30 months)
* Families with Preschool children (oldest child 30 months to 6
years)
* Families with school age children (oldest child 6 to 13 years)
* Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years)
* Families with launching centers (first child gone to last child
leaving home)
* Middle- aged parents (empty nest to retirement)
* Aging family members (retirement to death)
Daniel Levinson's Four Stages of Family Development - answer Early Adult
Transition (17-22)
Age 30 Transition (ends at 33): vague uneasiness, something wrong, some
change is needed
Mid-Life Transition (40-45):
Later Adulthood
Seasons of A Man's Life; mid-life crisis for men ages 40-45
Carol Gilligan - answer moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg.
She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on
his six stage scale because they focused more on relationships rather than
laws and principles. Their reasoning was merely different, not better or
worse
, Gilligan's theory of moral development - answer Stage 1: individual
survival and self-interest
Stage 2: responsibility to others. Goodness is equated with self-sacrificial
giving
Stage 3: Balance of self-care and care for others
Balance Theory - answer Heider's theory that people prefer harmony and
consistency in their views of the world
Balanced Triad - answer Heider; when all relationships are positive, or two
are negative and one is positive, elements fit together with no stress
Social Exchange Theory - answer All interactions are an exchange of goods
and materials in which individuals try to maximize their profit by reaping
as many rewards as possible while incurring the fewest possible costs
Congruity Theory - answer Charles Osgood and Percey Tannebaum; There
is a tendency for the evaluation of one or both individuals to change so
that the evaluations are more similar
Cognitive Dissonance Theory - answer the theory that we act to reduce the
discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
Terminal Drop Theory - answer Suggests that physical and psychological
functioning decrease precipitously in the last few years of life.
Critical loss in functioning occurs about two years before death.
Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief - answer 1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
Diversity 2025-2026 fully
solved & updated (100%
accuracy)
Solomon Asch - answer conformity; showed that social pressure can make
a person say something that is obviously incorrect ; in a famous study in
which participants were shown cards with lines of different lengths and
were asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length
D.R Atkinson - answer primary barrier to cross-cultural
counseling=traditional counseling (nonegalitarian, office bound, using
intrapsychic models)
Shared similar experiences are not necessary
Leon Festinger - answer Theory of Social Comparison
Theory of Social Comparison - answer first try to make evaluations of
abilities and opinions through objective means, but if unavailable,
compare themselves with others
If comparisons are with divergent others, evaluations are imprecise or
unstable
Comparisons with moderately different others produce changes that
ensure uniformity in the group
Margaret Mead - answer United States anthropologist noted for her claims
about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-
1978); one's core identity emerges from individual's ability to perceive
and share the attitudes and definitions of others toward one's self
P.B Pederson - answer Triad Model; trainee participates in role playing
with a client from a different cultural background and an anti-counselor
playing an alter ego similar to client's culture
,Zimbardo - answer Stanford Prison Experiment
Role Theory - answer Each culture defines roles within its own system
Each roles requires a partner role to complete function (ex. parent-child)
Individual will fulfill more than one role at a time resulting in conflict
Goal: Role integration
Family Life Cycle Stages - answer * Married couples (without children)
* Child bearing families (oldest child birth to 30 months)
* Families with Preschool children (oldest child 30 months to 6
years)
* Families with school age children (oldest child 6 to 13 years)
* Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years)
* Families with launching centers (first child gone to last child
leaving home)
* Middle- aged parents (empty nest to retirement)
* Aging family members (retirement to death)
Daniel Levinson's Four Stages of Family Development - answer Early Adult
Transition (17-22)
Age 30 Transition (ends at 33): vague uneasiness, something wrong, some
change is needed
Mid-Life Transition (40-45):
Later Adulthood
Seasons of A Man's Life; mid-life crisis for men ages 40-45
Carol Gilligan - answer moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg.
She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on
his six stage scale because they focused more on relationships rather than
laws and principles. Their reasoning was merely different, not better or
worse
, Gilligan's theory of moral development - answer Stage 1: individual
survival and self-interest
Stage 2: responsibility to others. Goodness is equated with self-sacrificial
giving
Stage 3: Balance of self-care and care for others
Balance Theory - answer Heider's theory that people prefer harmony and
consistency in their views of the world
Balanced Triad - answer Heider; when all relationships are positive, or two
are negative and one is positive, elements fit together with no stress
Social Exchange Theory - answer All interactions are an exchange of goods
and materials in which individuals try to maximize their profit by reaping
as many rewards as possible while incurring the fewest possible costs
Congruity Theory - answer Charles Osgood and Percey Tannebaum; There
is a tendency for the evaluation of one or both individuals to change so
that the evaluations are more similar
Cognitive Dissonance Theory - answer the theory that we act to reduce the
discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
Terminal Drop Theory - answer Suggests that physical and psychological
functioning decrease precipitously in the last few years of life.
Critical loss in functioning occurs about two years before death.
Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief - answer 1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
