CIV ENG 2601 Exam 1

What is environmental science? - answersystematized knowledge derived from and tested by recognition and formulation of a problem, related with natural environment, including atmosphere, the land, the water, and their inhabitants as differentiated from the build environement What is environmental engineering? - answersound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation What is engineering? - answerA profession that applies science and mathematics Why are civilizations near rivers? - answerneed for clean water When do sewers date back to? - answer3500 BC Who discovered contaminated water leads to disease? - answerJohn Snow and William Budd What caused the need for air pollution control? - answerindustrial revolution When was the EPA established? - answer1970 What is AQI? - answerAir Quality Index What is the range of AQI? - answer0 to 500 What are some areas of interest in environmental engineering? - answerwater treatment, wastewater treatment, air pollution control, and solid waste management How is the AQI obtained? - answermeasuring concentration of air pollutants What is the atomic number? - answernumber of protons What is the mass number? - answersum of protons and neutrons What is the atomic weight? - answerweighted average mass of all isotopes of an element What is electronegativity? - answerability of an atom to attract electrons What are cations? - answerpositively charged ions What are anions? - answernegatively charged ions What is an ionic bond? - answerattraction between a cation and anion what is a covalent bond? - answersharing a pair of electrons between two atoms What is a polar covalent bond? - answerbonding electrons are shared unequally What are van der Waals forces? - answershort range attractive force between molecules (no electrons involved) What do precipitation - dissolution reaction form? - answersolids What is an examples of precipitation - dissolution reactions? - answerscales on water fountains What do acid-base reactions do? - answerneutralize solutions What do acid-base reactions change? - answerpH of solution What do oxidation - reduction reactions typically do? - answerpurify water What do oxidation-reduction reactions involve? - answeroxygen being added to organics to produce CO2 and H2O What is stoichiometry? - answerthe act of balancing chemical equations What are the units of molarity (M)? - answernumber of mols per liter (mol/L) What is the equation for chemical equilibrium? - answeraA+bB=cC+dD;k What is k? - answerequilibrium constant What is the formula for k? - answerk=(C^c*D^d)/(A^a*B^b) What is a buffer? - answera solution that resists a large pH change when acid is added or diluted What is alkalinity? - answersum of chemical compounds that neutralize acids