ILTS 305 (Elementary Education Grades 1-6): Complete Study Guide and Practice Resources | Edition

ILTS 305 (Elementary Education Grades 1-6): Complete Study Guide and Practice Resources | Edition ILTS 305 (Elementary Education Grades 1-6): Complete Study Guide and Practice Resources | Edition The Suzuki method empathizes memorization and repeatedly playing the same music. It is based in the theory that kids learn to speak before they can read. - What is the Suzuki method? Providing students with self assessment scoring rubric. - What tool is most appropriate for a 4th grade music teacher to assess students playing ability? The literal and inferential levels of meaning of the text. - What factors should a 4th grade teacher take into account when qualitatively measuring a text's complexity? How many sounds do you hear in the word crush? - In a phonemic awareness lesson, what question would help students practice segmenting phonemes? Two - A blend (e.g., fr) counts as how many sounds? One - A digraph (sh) counts as how many sounds? The first syllable ends with a vowel. Se-cond, le-mon, de-mon. - What is a VCV word? Closes with consanant. Cat, gel, rim, hop, bud. - What is a CVC word? A diphthong is one vowel sound formed by the combination of two vowel sounds. example: oil, boy, out. - What is a diphthong? Having students engage in repeated oral reading aloud with a recorded version of a text that includes targeted words. - Which exercise is best for teaching students automaticity when reading high frequency regular and irregular words? Words in which the letters made their most common sound, such as kin. - What are regular words? Words in which the letters make their least common sound, like in the word kind. - What are irregular words? An awareness of and an interest in words, their meanings and their power; helps students develop vocabulary. - What is word consciousness? Encourage students to discuss well-chosen language they notice in literature. - How can a teacher encourage word consciousness? Close reading means reading to uncover layers of meaning that lead to deep comprehension. - What is close reading? The students lacks the necessary vocabulary and academic language. - If a 3rd grader is able to read accurately but cannot answer text-specific questions, what might be causing the problem? When a person begins at the value of one number and counts up the number of units until they get to the second number. - What is the method of counting on? 94 inches 1 foot 1 mile ---------- x ---------- x ----------- 1 revolution 12 inches 5,280 feet - How should you set up a problem where you are changing units? A box plot shows a 5 number summary in a data set. The line of a box plot begins at the minimum value and ends at the maximum value. The beginning of the box is the 1st quartile and the end of the box is the 3rd quartile. The line inside the box is the median. The stars on the outside of the graph are outliers. - How do you read a box plot? Set up an equivalent proportion to find the missing value. - How do you find the missing value in a congruent triangle? Rectangle or rhombus. - A square can also be classified as a... The perimeter. - What part of a triangle changes if you move the third vertex? It lowers the center of gravity. - When balancing, why does it help to bend the knees? Crossing the body's midline (passing a ball, making a figure-8 shape with streamers). - What type of movement helps kids practice dressing, putting on shoes, reading and writing? Offering a variety of balls for students to choose from, including textured or soft, or slightly deflated balls of different weights and sizes. - What strategy would be most helpful for teaching 1st graders catching and throwing a ball? By stimulating calcium uptake and new bone cell information. - Activities in weight-bearing such as jumping, skipping or climbing playground equipment benefits students' growth in what areas? The circulatory system, plaque forms on artery walls and clotting tendency increases, as does the risk of harmful blood clots. - What body system is most effected by vaping? Playground activities, such as sliding down slides, balancing on wobble boards and crossing monkey bars. - What activity would best promote core strength in 1st and 2nd graders? Engaging in low intensity, large muscle warm up for about 5 minutes just before the activity. - What strategy is most appropriate for elementary students to use to prepare the body for moderate to vigorous physical activity and minimize the risk of injury? Meter stick - What scientific tool would be best used in a 6th grade experiment measuring density? Ask students to modify their levers to make lifting the original weight of the block easier. - How could a teacher enhance a science experiment (using the scientific method) where students measure the weight of a block using a lever? The marked increment associated with the lowest point of the curved liquid must be used. This is known as the bottom of the meniscus. - How do you correctly read the volume of a graduated cylinder? The total energy of motion and position of an object. - What is mechanical energy? A spring scale, which can be used to measure the force (in newtons) of various objects. - What instrument is used to measure mechanical energy? One. - How many variables should students change at a time when modifying their science experiments? Occurs in the presence of oxygen so that glucose is broken down completely to produce energy that is stored in the form of ATP. - What is aerobic respiration? The primary consumer eats the producer. For example, a mouse (primary consumer) eats wheat (producer). - What is a primary consumer? When one allele is not completely dominant over the other. A bleeding of traits. Red + White = Pink - What is incomplete dominance? A galactic cluster. - What astronomical unit includes the Milky Way, Earth and Solar System? Article I, Section 8, clause 18, also known as the "elastic clause," grants congress broad and flexible power to enact laws that are deemed "necessary and proper." - What excerpt from The U.S Constitution could a teacher best use to explain the small number of amendments added to the constitution since 1787? Negotiating treaties. - What is one of the major constitutional powers of the presidency in the U.S? An oceanside location near the mouth of a large river system. - What factor best explains the rising population and importance of New Orleans during the 1800s? An attempt in the 1960s and 1970s to increase food resources worldwide, involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the development of disease-resistant crops. This made undernourishment around the world drop to new lows. - What was the Green Revolution? Rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes. - What is acid rain? Downwind of areas with high concentrations of power plants and factories. - Where is acid rain most likely to occur? Industrial cities near the Great Lakes. - From 1865 to 1924, the influx of new immigrants from diverse nations contributed most to the economic growth of which part of the United States? A unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language. For example, S in Sat, CH in CHin, and IGH in lIGHt. - What is a phoneme? Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory. - What are the steps of the scientific method? 1. Works Cited 2. Parenthetical Citations 3. Explanatory Notes (end notes or footnotes at bottom of page) - What are the 3 components of MLA format? The author's name is listed on the site, just not easy to find at first. - According to MLA guidelines, what is true about Web sources? Involves production of speech and phonemes, including segmentation and blending. - What is phonology? The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. - What is syntax? Involves the meaning of words. - What is semantics? Social use of language - What is pragmatics? Syntax - A student says, "We learned that knowledge and understanding of language is important." What type of error is this? To EXPLAIN an error a student has made in reading, specifically clarifying where and how the error was made so the student can avoid this type of mistake in the future. - What is the purpose of corrective feedback in reading? A group of consonants in which all letters represent a single sound. Church, school, phone, shoe. - What is a consonant digraph? When two or more consonants are blended together, but each sound may be heard in the blend. The most common beginning consonant blends include: block, break, clamp, crust, drop, frisk, train, flax, glitter, grow, play, price, slice, smart, spunk and stab - What is a consonant blend? Incorporate multi-sensory modalities with a variety of instructional strategies and materials to help students with different strengths, needs and learning styles. - When teaching students relationships between sounds and letters, and between letters and words, what practices should teachers best follow? Decoding monosyllabic words by referring to the initial and final consonant, short vowel and long vowel sounds. This is a standard for 1st grade. - What is NOT a common academic standard for kindergarten students in decoding and identifying words? -Showing knowledge that letter sequences correspond to phoneme sequences. -Understanding that word sounds and meaning change along with word letters. -Matching letters to consonant sounds; reading simple, monosyllabic site words. - What are common academic standards for kindergarten students in decoding and identifying words? -Reinforcing phonemic awareness when reading aloud. -Using dictionaries to look up unfamiliar words. -Studying and reviewing commonly used sight words at the students' ability level. - What strategies are helpful in building word identification skills of emergent readers? Allowing for invented spelling in written asssignments or in-class work. - What strategy is NOT helpful in teaching emergent reading word identification skills? Select texts independently using author knowledge, difficulty estimation and personal interest. - According to English Language Arts and Reading, what are students in 1-3 grades expected to do? Vocabulary - A student is able to apply strategies to comprehend the meaning of unfamiliar words; can supply definitions for several meanings; and is able to reflect on her background knowledge in order to decipher a word's meaning. These features of effective reading belong to which category? John Bunyan - Who wrote Pilgrim's Progress? An error in reasoning. - What is a fallacy? A statement that contradicts itself, "There are exceptions to all general statements." - What is a fallacy of inconsistency? Locate the vowels, then locate familiar word parts. - A student encounters a multisyllabic word. What should she do first? What should she do next? 1. Gather meaning drawn from context or pictures 2.Syntax (arrangement of words) 3. Visual information, meaning letters or parts of word. - What is the Three Cueing Systems model? Phonological awareness. - In the Three Cueing Systems, what relates most to how sounds are used to communicate meaning? Spend time on many different skills, such as listening, speaking, writing, viewing, responding, synthesizing information and reading for a variety of purposes. - How do you achieve a balanced language program? Cooperative Leaning and Reading Comprehension. - Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is a teaching technique that depends on... Less socially acceptable. - Dialects are often characterized as... Meet to discuss areas the teacher is most concerned about and decide on the teacher's goals. - How should a reading specialist help a teacher who feels his strategies aren't effective? The practice of allowing children to take turns reading portions of a text aloud to the rest of the group during class. - What is round-robin reading? Creates a boring atmosphere, since only one student is actively engaged at a time. - What are the critiques of round-robin reading? Digraphs (letter combinations where a completely new sound is formed). - The words chow, whoosh and stalk all contain... 54 - How many diagonals are in a dodecagon? The student will be able to use a protractor to determine the approximate measures of angles in degrees to the nearest whole number. - What is a learning goal that is most appropriate for 4th graders learning geometry and measurement? When threeor more numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless of the way in which the numbers are grouped. (2x3)x4=2x(3x4) - What is the associative property of multiplication? Two sides are equal in length Two angles are equal - What is an isosceles triangle? No equal side measurement, no equal angles. - What is a scalene triangle? All three sides are equal in length Each angle is 60° - What is an equilateral triangle? A diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval. - What is a histogram? Pairs of numbers that are easy to add, subtract, multiply, or divide mentally. When using estimation to approximate a calculation, replace actual numbers with compatible numbers. - What are compatible numbers? pi(radius)^squared x height - How do you find the volume of a cylinder? length x width x height - How do you find the volume of a rectangle? 4/3(pi)radius^3 - How do you find the volume of a sphere? 1/3 x area of base x height - How do you find the volume of a pyramid? Area = πr2 - How do you find the area of a circle? A = ½ bh - How do you find the area of a triangle? Length x Width - How do you find the area of a rectangle? -King Henry's desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon strengthened English expansionism. -Queen Elizabeth's support for the Protestant Reformation strengthened English expansionism. -Sir Francis Drake and other sea captains plundered the Spaniard's plunders of Indians - What is true about English expansionism in the 16th century? The Gilded Age (c.) was a period of intense economic development and wealth transfer in the United States. Following the generation of the American Civil War and Reconstruction of the South, this period corresponded with the Second Industrial Revolution and the greatest economic, territorial, industrial, and population expansion in American history. - What was the Gilded Age? Driven primarily by market forces. An increase (or decrease) of one type of economic activity in a given city or region prompts an increase (or decrease) in demand for goods and services, which then triggers the development of other types of economic activity in the same region or city. - What is the multiplier effect? The presence of specialized industry attracts even more business. - What is an example of the multiplier effect of large cities? Both state and federal law. - Criminal cases are tried under... According to the Supreme Court's interpretation - How must inferior courts interpret the law? Power divided between local and central branches of government. - Federalism only the senate - Where can a filibuster occur? A person who has taken out a fixed-loan rate. - Who is most likely to benefit from inflation? belief in the benefits of profitable trading - What is mercantilism? Copernicus - Which scientist first proposed the heliocentric universe instead of a geocentric one? 2 years - House representative elections occur every... Niccolò Machiavelli - Which Italian Renaissance figure was best known as a political philosopher? They will be refracted and converge. - What will happen to light waves as they hit a convex lens? -Atomic number -reactivity -number of protons - How are elements arranged on the periodic table? form when magma is intruded between sedimentary layers close to the surface - Laccolith a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock - Sill large bank of earth and stone that holds back water - Dike The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. - Caldera Data that others can reproduce. - What is needed for an experiment to be considered successful? Mid-ocean ridges (Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise). - Where are the most recently formed parts of earth's crust? A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy - Fission the process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or molecule, which gives the atom or molecule a net charge - Ionization The vapor pressure decreases by an amount proportional to the amount of solute. - How does adding a solute to a liquid solvent affect the vapor pressure of the liquid? The prevailing westerlies. - What drives weather systems to move west to east in the mid-latitudes? The force used to move a mass over a distance. (e.g, moving a book from the floor to the top shelf, a book falls to the floor, pushing a box of books across the room). - What is the definition of work (in science)? -Fossils -DNA sequences -Anatomical structures - What would be examples of evolution? True - Glass is a non-renewable resource. A stream of electrically charged particles that emanate from the sun's corona. - solar wind voltage and current in an electrical ciruit are directly proportional to one another (V=Current x Resistance). - Ohm's Law flowers - What are the reproductive organs of a plant? A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell - Organelle organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell - Golgi Bodies transport and storage - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum "Cargo Trucks" of the cell. Small membrane-bound structures that function to move molecules from place to place in cell. - Secretory Vesicles Cells absorb molecules that could not otherwise pass through the plasma membrane. - Endocytic Refers to lightness or darkness - Value (art) a particular shade of a given color - Hue Vibrancy of colors in a painting - Intensity (painting) Tactile property of artwork's surface. - Texture Movement via space- walk, run, leap, hop, jump, gallop, skip, slide. - Locomotor Activities A strategy that is used to facilitate decoding as students become more proficient readers. These advanced decoding strategies help students learn parts of words so they can more easily decode unknown multi-‐syllabic words. In structural analysis, students are taught to read prefixes and suffixes. - What is structural analysis? Words that have a common origin (source). They may happen in a language or in a group of languages. Example: 'composite', 'composition' and 'compost' are cognates in the English language, derived from the same root in Latin 'componere' meaning 'to put together'. - What is a cognate in reading? Preteaching challenging vocabulary that is relevant to the topic, before teaching the main lesson. - What is one way a teacher can ensure students pay attention to an upcoming lesson they are unfamiliar with the content? difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports - balance of trade way in which the nation's income is divided among families, individuals, or other designated groups - Distribution of Income The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year. - Gross National Product the average energy consumed per person - Per Capita Energy Consumption 1(2 + 3) = 1(2) + 1(3) - Distributive Property 4+3=3+4 - Commutative Property A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power - Checks and Balances Enforce Laws Commander in chief Appointment power Can negotiate treaties Can pardon Criminals or potential criminals Can veto bills passed by Congress Can convene Congress and adjourn Congress in rare cases Can propose laws, including the federal budget Can receive ambassadors and foreign leaders Can recognize foreign nations Supposed to address Congress on the State of the Union - What are the presidential powers? The Judicial branch determines whether the laws are constitutional. It also interprets laws, the meaning of a law, and how it is applied. It can also examine the intent behind a law's creation. - What can the Judicial branch do? Make laws, If president vetoes, the veto can be over ridden with 2/3 majority, Collect tax, coin money, establish post offices, fix standard weights and measures, and Power to declare war - What can the Legislative branch do? Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) - Who is in the Legislative branch? Supreme Court and other federal courts - Who is in the Judicial branch? President, Vice President, Cabinet - Who is in the Executive branch? Phonological awareness, decoding, comprehension, vocabulary. - What are the subsets of reading literacy? speech sounds are represented by letters. English is an alphabetic language because symbols represents sounds. sounds are called phonemes. - What is the alphabetic principle? -Modeling enriched vocabulary and teaching new words -Using questions and examples to extend a child's descriptive language skills -Providing ample response time to encourage children to practice speech. -Asking for clarification to provide students with the opportunity to develop communication skills -Promoting conversations among children -Providing feedback to let children know they have been heard and understood, and providing further explanation when needed. - How can teachers assist language development? Social contexts, this does not occur naturally. - Where does oral language development occur? Reading and writing do not need to be taught from formal lessons if the child is exposed to a print-rich environment. - Where does written language development occur? -Display childrens' names in print or cursive -Display children's written work -Display Newspapers and magazines -Display instructional charts -Display written schedules -Display signs and labels -Display printed songs, poems and rhymes -Using graphic organizers such as KWL charts -Remind students what was read and discussed -Expand on the lesson topic or theme -Show the relationship among book, ideas and words. -Use big books to point of features of print such as letters and punctuation -Track print from left to right. -Emphaize the concept of words and the fact that they are used to communicate - How can a teacher provide a print-rich environment? Strategy used to make sends of printed words and figure out how to correctly pronounce them. - What is decoding? The goal of literacy development; the ability to read accurately and quickly. - What is fluency? an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning. Both prefixes and suffixes are affixes. - Affix A syllable or word that comes before a root word to change its meaning - Prefix A syllable that appears at the end of the word that, in combination with the root or base word, creates a specific meaning. The 3 types of suffixes are noun suffixes, verb suffixes and adjective suffixes. - Suffix -ment, -hood, -ship, -ism - Noun suffixes -en, -ate, -fy, -ize - Verb suffixes -full, -less, -ish, -able - Adjective suffixes thinking about thinking - Metacognition -Partner English-speaking students with ESL students as study buddies and ask the English-speaking students to share notes. -Encourage ESL students to ask questions when they don't understand something -Dictate key sentences related to the content area being taught and ask ESL students to write them down. -Alternate difficult and easy tasks so that ESL students can experience academic success -Ask ESL students to label objects associated with content areas, such as maps, diagrams, or parts of a sentence. - What are some general teaching strategies to help ESL students? The manner in which a writer uses language in prose or poetry. - Style The attitude of the writer or narrator towards the theme subject or characters in a work. - Tone A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole. Example: "boots on the ground" could be used to describe soldiers in a field. - Synecdoche A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it. For example, referring to the "crown" to refer to the monarchy. - Metonymy insincere or overly sentimental quality of writing/speech intended to evoke pity. - Bathos The killer behaved coldly, cruelly, and inexplicably - Parallel words Praised by comrades, honored by commanders, the soldier came home a hero - parallel phrases "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the hills." - parallel clauses the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar - malapropism for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so - coordinating conjunction both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, whether/or - Coorelative Conjunctions Distance = Rate x Time - Distance Formula 5,280 feet - How many feet in a mile? 16fl oz - How many fluid ounces in a pint? 2 pints - How many pints in a quart? 16 ounces - How many ounces in a pound? 2.54 cm - How many centimeters are in an inch? 4 quarts - How many quarts in a gallon? 3 feet - How many feet in a yard? 454 grams - How many grams in a pound? The smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common - least common multiple the smallest common multiple of two or more denominators - least common denominator The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common. - greatest common factor Move the decimal two places to the right - Convert decimal to percent Move the decimal two places to the left - Convert percent to decimal A relation where one quantity depends on the other. Example" the amount of money that you make depends on the number of hours that you work. - Function from shallowest to deepest, crust, mantle, outer core, inner core. - What are the layers of the earth? solid iron and nickel - What is the inner core made of? liquid iron and nickel - What is the outer core made of? silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium - What is mantle made of? solid rock and minerals - What is crust made of? The student uses both correct spelling and phonetic spelling. - Transitional stage Helps oral language, academic language, vocabulary and reading comprehension development. - Think-Pair-Share What word am I trying to say: f/ī/sh/? - What question would be appropriate for a 1st grade lesson on phonetic blending? The child begins to understand letter-sound correspondence--that sounds are assigned to letters. At this stage, the child often employs rudimentary logic, using single letters, for example, to represent words, sounds, and syllables (e.g., U for you). - Semiphonetic Stage The child uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word. Although some of their choices do not conform to conventional English spelling, they are systematic and easily understood. Examples are KOM for come and EN for in. - phonetic stage understanding and use of rules for modifying sounds in words based on their morphemes - morphophonemic stage Linking letter name and sound instruction for each unknown letter, and having the student practice forming each target letter while saying its name and sound. - What technique would help a 1st grade student with letter identification? Reading with expression or proper phrasing - Prosody With the teacher modeling the appropriate way to read with inflection. - How should fluency instruction begin? ~ high frequency words that are used in everyday speech [food, daddy, the] - Tier One Words A graphic organizer that uses lines and circles to organize information according to categories. - Semantic Map A diagram that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting lines and a set of conventional symbols. - Flowchart Semantic map - For helping 1st graders identify key ideas and details, what graphic organizer would be best? Research biographical and historical information related to the speech. - Before analyzing a historical speech or argument, what should a 6th grade class do? It disperses the seeds across a large area. - Why do maple leafs have elongated, flat structure? Manufacturing - What activity contributes most to the Illinois economy? low levels of freedom - Communist ideology is most often characterized by.... Offering US firms greater opportunity to expand their markets. - Increased economic growth in China would help the US by... liquid - A substance that has a fixed volume, virtually incomprehensible and takes the shape of any container its in is a... Enable cells to withstand internal water pressure without rupturing. - In addition to providing structural support, cells walls in plants also: when the sun, moon, and earth align - spring tide Compare descriptions of the toy's manufacturer's website with reviews by objective reviewers on other sites. - To enhance 6th grade students' skills as consumers in buying an electronic toy, the teacher should prompt the students to... A graphic organizer will provide students with a visual representation of information that needs to be recorded. - How would a graphic organizer help students who have learning challenges related to the sequential ordering of processes and ideas... Reflecting religious values - Art during the Renaissance focused on Maturation of the body's nervous system. - What factor has the most significant influence on childrens' athletic abilities in grades K-6. Containing, reducing or denying space while the defense is on the move. - What is an important defense strategy to teach students in games like soccer or basketball? Observation in scientific inquiry - Finding pattern in dance can help what academic area? The largest volcanic mountains because of a repeated, vicious lava flow from small eruptions over a long period of time. - shield volcano Small in size but have massive explosions through linear shafts that spread cinder and ash around the vent. - Cinder cone volcano Get their name from the mix of lava and ash layers that build the mountain. - composite volcano created from aerial and field surveys; serve as the starting point for topographic and thematic maps. - Base maps These show the natural and human-made surface features of the earth, including mountain elevations, river courses, roads, names of lakes and towns, and county and state lines. - Topographic maps These use a base or topographic map as the foundation for showing data based on a theme, such as population density, wildlife distribution, hill-slope stability, economic trends, etc. - Thematic maps 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Limited Government 3. Separation of Powers 4. Checks and Balances 5. Judicial Review 6. Federalism - What are the six basic principles of the Constitution? The people establish government and give power to it; the government can function only with the consent of the people. - Popular Sovereignty The Constitution specifies limits on government authority, and no official or entity is above the law. - Limited Government power is divided among three branches of government. - Separation of Powers Judges in the federal courts ensure that no act of government is in violation of the Constitution. - Judicial Review The first ten amendments to the Constitution - Bill of Rights A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. - Articles of Confederation 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. - Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence - All men are created equal A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society - Constitution elements in columns I and VII - The first several elements are grouped into eight columns in the periodic table labeled columns I through VIII. Elements in which columns of the periodic table tend to form ionic bonds with each other? an essay that explains, informs, or presents information - expository essay The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance - thermal energy a triangle with one right angle - right triangle carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight - What are the reactants of photosynthesis? Gradually getting softer. - Dim (music) The "Dark Ages" is a term for the Early Middle Ages or Middle Ages in the area of the Roman Empire in Europe, after its fall in the fifth century, characterizing it as marked by economic, intellectual and cultural decline. - Why is the period between the 5th and 13th century in Europe called the Dark Ages? a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. "Kate doesn't like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn't watch them." - compound-complex sentence A compound sentence does not contain any dependent clause. "Mary went to work, John went to the party, I went home." - Compound Sentence Sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate. "Joe waited for the train." - Simple Sentence a group of words with a subject and a verb. - What is a clause? A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. "Although he was wealthy, he was still unhappy." - complex sentence a clause that can stand alone - What is an independent clause? A clause that cannot stand alone (also known as a subordinating clause). - What is a dependent clause? The predicate tells what the subject is or does. - What is a predicate? glucose and oxygen - What are the products of photosynthesis? warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere - greenhouse effect the study of weather - Meteorology (earth) - troposphere - stratosphere - mesosphere - thermosphere - Layers of Earth's Atmosphere The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it. - Law of Superposition Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune - Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars - terrestial planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune - Jovial Planets -New Hampshire -Massachusettes -Rhode Island -Conneticut -Virginia -Maryland -New York -Pensylvania -New Jersey -Delaware -North Carolina -South Carolina -Georgia - 13 Colonies/States () War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. - French and Indian War agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country. - Treaty of Paris 0 degrees latitude - Equator 0 degrees longitude - Prime Meridian -Line -Shape -Space -Texture -Color -Balance - Elements of Art Q3-Q1 - interquartile range write out the minutes based on frequency from least to most. - When trying to find the interquartile range in a set of data, what should students do first? decreased tension on joints with increased muscle development. - What is NOT a positive effect of teaching students strength training exercises? sett up the equation 6/1 = 203x - The ration of red jellybeans to yellow jellybeans is 6:1. If there are 203 jellybeans, how many red jellybeans are there? To determine this, students must do which of the following first? the correlation between dogs barking and mail trucks may be influenced by the setting of the study. - In a study of 100 dogs, mail trucks appeared to provoke the dogs into barking around 80% of the time when the dogs heard the trucks. The study was conducted in a ground-floor room that had windows facing a local park with trees. Various critters trounce around the park, so this may have caused some of the dogs to become vocal at different times. However, even if they were not looking out the windows when they heard the mail trucks, they would bark a majority of the time. a city or town that has corporate status and local government. - Municipalities home rule - Municipalities within Illinois are in charge of district-level oversight, and this distinction is granted because of which of the following? determine how many hours and minutes the woman was on the road driving, minus the amount of time she took to get gas - In the following word problem, what should students do first? "A woman leaves her house at 6:03 am and travels 439 miles. She stops for gas one time, and this takes her seven minutes. If she arrives at her destination at 10:30 am, how fast, per hour, was the woman traveling?" A teacher explains a team activity but the students choose the rules for that activity and get to determine who is breaking any rules during the activity. - What activity would most align with a reciprocal teaching style in a physical education class? rhetorical device; anticipating an objection and answering it - Procatalepsis 'While offering a variety of foods at lunch may increases prices, when students have more options, they may make healthier choices.'' - What is an example of procatalepsis? developing different project assessments from which students can chose, like drawing a scene from the story or acting out a scene from the story - Students have just completed reading a text. A teacher is striving to assess students' literacy skills based on various modalities. Which of the following activities would best align with the teacher's intentions? ⇌ - Which symbol represents chemical equilibrium? Reading comprehension - An understanding of the meaning of prefixes and suffixes such as dis, mis, un, re, able and ment are important for: The process involves the text, the reader, and the context in which reading occurs. - Some experts maintain that teaching reading comprehension entails not just the application of skills, but the process of actively constructing meaning. This process they describe as interactive, strategic, and adaptable. What best defines the interactive aspect of this process? The student's writing is developmentally appropriate; the sub's grading is inappropriate. - After only two or three months into 1st grade, a new substitute teacher gives grades in the 80s to a student who had been receiving 100s from the regular teacher. The sub deducts points when the student occasionally reverses a letter or number, or misspells words like biscuit, butterfly and swallowed. What accurately describes this scenario? The House of Representatives - Which entity in American government is the closest to true democracy? Each nation will specialize in the production of different specific goods. - If two nations use the theory of comparative advantage when making decisions of which goods to produce and trade, what will be the result? The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can. - comparative advantage A government ruled by a few powerful people - Oligarchy "In order to prosper, a nation should try to INCREASE its imports." A nation should try to INCREASE its EXPORTS. - What statement is NOT correct regarding assumptions of mercantilism? -As the energy of a system changes, its thermal energy must change or work must be done. -Heat transfer from a warmer object to a cooler object can occur spontaneously. -Heat transfer can occur from a cooler object to a warmer object -If two objects reach the same temperature, energy is no longer available to work. - What is true about heat transfer? Endocytic vesicles - What organelle is formed when the plasma membrane surrounds a particle outside of the cell? Line - What artistic element is most commonly used to create the illusion of depth in a painting? unsafe water. - Of the four types of diseases -- cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, and respiratory, what risk factor is NOT common to all 4 types? Drinking alcohol, poor diet, smoking tobacco - Of the four types of diseases -- cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, and respiratory, what risk factors are common to all 4 types? Using a finger to track the text from left to right while reading. - A 1st grade teacher is using a Big Book in a read-aloud session. What method would be most effective in developing students knowledge of print and emergent literary concepts? Reading of a text where an adult or experienced reader reads a line of text, and the student repeats the line while they follow along in the text. Designed to help fluent reading. - Echo Reading Used to assess the performance of students, checking for improvements made over a period of time. - Progress Monitoring Adding a constant amount to each data point. - For what situation would the standard deviation of any data set remain unchanged? Expressing the order of two multi digit whole numbers using inequality symbols. - What activity best aligns with the developmental sequence of a 4th grade student learning to compare and order quantities? numbers that describe position or order (first, second) - ordinal numbers a number denoting quantity (one, two, three, etc.), as opposed to an ordinal number (first, second, third, etc.). - cardinal numbers They satisfy an equation form of y=k/x, where k is some constant amount and is equivalent to the multiplication sentence xy=k. - When are x and y inversely proportional? When students learn to divide decimals, they are taught to "move the decimal point" so that a problem like 24.37/2.1 becomes 243.7/21. - Multiplicative Identity Property The distribution of salaries of electricians in a particular state. - For what situation would collected data best be presented using a bx plot? True - All seasons are the same at the equator. describes the purpose of government - Preamble of the US Constitution Guide students in explaining differences in whispering, speaking, calling and shouting. - Before asking second-grade students to identify changes in dynamics in a musical piece, it would be most helpful to... Understanding body positioning - What criteria is most important to evaluate a 6th grade student's acting performance? Tend to accumulate in the fat tissues of childrem's bodies and remain there. - persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are particularly dangerous for children because they... There are clear standards for behavior and family members value each other's accomplishments and abilities. - What is a family characteristic that is protective for elementary school students? Making a sculpture using inflated balloons. - What activity is most likely to stimulate children's understanding of form in visual art? A series of tones - What best describes melody in a musical composition? Discussing audience skills of observing quietly and attentively and showing appreciation at proper times. - When a 3rd grade class is seated to watch their peers' performances, what action would be most appropriate by the teacher? Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel, and parallel lines have equal slopes. So, the slope of side AD will have the same slope as the side BC. - ABCD is a parallelogram. How do you find the slope of a line in a parallelogram, AD, when you already know the vertices of the points, A, B and C.