NURS1004 EXAM STUDY SET @ 2024
Importance of History in Nursing - Answer Historical awareness providing guidance for
future treatments. Using evidence based practice to guide care - critical thinking.
Principle Tenets Underpinning Nursing - Answer Respect for humanity. Reverence for
death and dying. Healing Environment. Critical Thinking. Sanitation and Hygiene.
Gentility, discipline, deportment.
Infection - Answer Disease stemming from the presence of a pathogen in or on the body.
Pathogen - Answer A disease causing agent.
Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) - Answer Infection developing as a result of
healthcare. Patient was not exposed prior to admission.
Also known as nosocomial infection.
Iatrogenic Infection - Answer Type of HAI resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic
procedure.
Colonisation - Answer Sustained presence of replicating infectious agents, without the
production of an immune response. A potential source of transmission must be used.
Implications of HAIs - Answer Increased length of stay, increased financial cost,
prolonged recovery time. Holistic health implicated.
Reservoir - Answer The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows and multiplies.
Portal of Exit - Answer Cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from original
reservoir (i.e. any body 'tracts', skin breaks, blood).
Means of Transmission - Answer Contact, airborne and droplet.
Contact Transmission - Answer Direct, indirect, contact with contaminated blood,
vectors (i.e. mosquitoes, lice).
Airborne Transmission - Answer Small particle aerosol (i.e. dust, talking).
Droplet Transmission - Answer Infectious particles larger than 5 microns in size (i.e.
coughing, sneezing, talking).
Portal of Entry - Answer The way organisms a new host, often similar to the portal of exit
(i.e. sneezing - inhale). Commonly includes urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin,
gastrointestinal tract.
Susceptible Host - Answer Acquiring infection often depends on the patient's
susceptibility to an infectious agent. Predictors include: age, medical therapies,
presence of invasive/indwelling medical devices.
, Bacteria - Answer Most commonly observed in HAIs. Categorised according to: shape,
reaction to the gram stain, need for oxygen; anaerobic, aerobic.
Virus - Answer Smallest of all microorganism. Requires living host to survive.
Fungi - Answer Plant-like organism.
1st Line of Defence - Answer Mechanical barriers (i.e. skin, mucous membranes), body
secretions (i.e. saliva, sweat, mucous), normal flora (i.e. microorganisms occurring
naturally on the skin).
2nd Line of Defence - Answer Inflammatory response (i.e. fevers).
3rd Line of Defence - Answer Immune response (i.e. antigens produced by T4 cells).
Chain of infection requires __________ - Answer source, mode of transmission,
susceptible host
Stages of Infectious Disease - Answer incubation period, prodromal period, illness,
convalescence
Standard Precautions - Answer Applies to all patients. Based on the principle that all
bodily secretions are contaminated. Can easily penetrate skin, mucous membranes and
sharps contaminated with disease causing microorganism.
i.e. hand hygiene, PPE, aseptic non-touch technique
Transmission Based Precautions - Answer Contact airborne and droplet modes of
transmission. Used in the event of outbreaks. Tailored to particular infectious agents.
Recommended as additional work practices.
Obligations as HCWs - Answer Follow infection control procedures, follow standard
precaution and transmission-based precautions, seek appropriate medical care to
manage infectious disease.
Work Health and Safety - Answer Hazards and risks are assessed according to its
probability and consequence.
WHS Issues Impacting Nurses - Answer Manual handling and other repetitive work. Poor
ergonomics. Inadequate allocation of resources.
WHS-Related Legislation - Answer Work Health and Safety Act 2011, No. 10. NSW Work
Health and Safety Regulation 2017. Specific Organisational Guidelines.
WHS-Related Responsibilities - Answer Comply with safe work practices. Reporting
hazards in Incident Information Management System (IIMS). Using appropriate
equipment in Manual Handling. Participate in Training.
7 Standards outlined by AHPRA - Answer 1. Thinks critically
Importance of History in Nursing - Answer Historical awareness providing guidance for
future treatments. Using evidence based practice to guide care - critical thinking.
Principle Tenets Underpinning Nursing - Answer Respect for humanity. Reverence for
death and dying. Healing Environment. Critical Thinking. Sanitation and Hygiene.
Gentility, discipline, deportment.
Infection - Answer Disease stemming from the presence of a pathogen in or on the body.
Pathogen - Answer A disease causing agent.
Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) - Answer Infection developing as a result of
healthcare. Patient was not exposed prior to admission.
Also known as nosocomial infection.
Iatrogenic Infection - Answer Type of HAI resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic
procedure.
Colonisation - Answer Sustained presence of replicating infectious agents, without the
production of an immune response. A potential source of transmission must be used.
Implications of HAIs - Answer Increased length of stay, increased financial cost,
prolonged recovery time. Holistic health implicated.
Reservoir - Answer The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows and multiplies.
Portal of Exit - Answer Cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from original
reservoir (i.e. any body 'tracts', skin breaks, blood).
Means of Transmission - Answer Contact, airborne and droplet.
Contact Transmission - Answer Direct, indirect, contact with contaminated blood,
vectors (i.e. mosquitoes, lice).
Airborne Transmission - Answer Small particle aerosol (i.e. dust, talking).
Droplet Transmission - Answer Infectious particles larger than 5 microns in size (i.e.
coughing, sneezing, talking).
Portal of Entry - Answer The way organisms a new host, often similar to the portal of exit
(i.e. sneezing - inhale). Commonly includes urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin,
gastrointestinal tract.
Susceptible Host - Answer Acquiring infection often depends on the patient's
susceptibility to an infectious agent. Predictors include: age, medical therapies,
presence of invasive/indwelling medical devices.
, Bacteria - Answer Most commonly observed in HAIs. Categorised according to: shape,
reaction to the gram stain, need for oxygen; anaerobic, aerobic.
Virus - Answer Smallest of all microorganism. Requires living host to survive.
Fungi - Answer Plant-like organism.
1st Line of Defence - Answer Mechanical barriers (i.e. skin, mucous membranes), body
secretions (i.e. saliva, sweat, mucous), normal flora (i.e. microorganisms occurring
naturally on the skin).
2nd Line of Defence - Answer Inflammatory response (i.e. fevers).
3rd Line of Defence - Answer Immune response (i.e. antigens produced by T4 cells).
Chain of infection requires __________ - Answer source, mode of transmission,
susceptible host
Stages of Infectious Disease - Answer incubation period, prodromal period, illness,
convalescence
Standard Precautions - Answer Applies to all patients. Based on the principle that all
bodily secretions are contaminated. Can easily penetrate skin, mucous membranes and
sharps contaminated with disease causing microorganism.
i.e. hand hygiene, PPE, aseptic non-touch technique
Transmission Based Precautions - Answer Contact airborne and droplet modes of
transmission. Used in the event of outbreaks. Tailored to particular infectious agents.
Recommended as additional work practices.
Obligations as HCWs - Answer Follow infection control procedures, follow standard
precaution and transmission-based precautions, seek appropriate medical care to
manage infectious disease.
Work Health and Safety - Answer Hazards and risks are assessed according to its
probability and consequence.
WHS Issues Impacting Nurses - Answer Manual handling and other repetitive work. Poor
ergonomics. Inadequate allocation of resources.
WHS-Related Legislation - Answer Work Health and Safety Act 2011, No. 10. NSW Work
Health and Safety Regulation 2017. Specific Organisational Guidelines.
WHS-Related Responsibilities - Answer Comply with safe work practices. Reporting
hazards in Incident Information Management System (IIMS). Using appropriate
equipment in Manual Handling. Participate in Training.
7 Standards outlined by AHPRA - Answer 1. Thinks critically
