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NSB236 EXAM Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to
✓ hypoxia
✓ hypotension
✓ aloc
✓ tachycardia
✓ tachypnoea
✓
✓ all relate to
✓ sepsis (80%)
✓ cardiogenic shock
✓ arrythmia
✓ pulmonary oedema
What is the formula for oxygen delivery
✓ [SaO2 x Hb] + [PaO2] X [SV X HR]
✓
✓ Arterial o2 content x (cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance)
What happens in aerobic respiration
✓ Turns glucose and O2 into water and CO2
✓ (Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down products
with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.)
✓
✓ The energy from this reaction produces ATP (energy for cells)
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What happens in anaerobic respiration?
✓ Energy can be produced without o2, it is a less efficient form of metabolism.
✓ Produces waste product (lactic acid)
What does arterial oxygenation require
✓ patent airway
✓ functioning lung tissue
✓ gas exchange
✓ haemoglobin to carry o2
✓
✓ Normal range is 8-100mmHg
What are compensatory mechanisms
✓ When the body detects low o2 delivery at the tissues or a reduction in co output,
increase in RR and HR
What is portsmouth sign and how to recognise it
✓ When HR is higher than SBP.
✓ Indicated a decrease in CO and failing compensatory mechanisms
What is pulse pressure
✓ difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
✓
✓ narrow PP= insufficient preload, heart failure, shock state
✓ wide PP= atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, raised ICP
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What are 2 mechanisms to maintain effective blood volume
✓ 1. vasoconstriction
✓ 2. decrease renal losses of fluid
what is a mechanism to optimise cardiac performance
✓ increase hr and contractility
what is shock
✓ a state of insufficient perfusion and oxygenation delivery to vital organs and tissues
through the body
nursing interventions for managing circulation issues
✓ reduce workload- control hr
✓ management volume status
✓ re-establish blood flow- angioplasty
✓ critical care specific interventions
✓ optimise cardiac output
difference in iv fluids
✓ colloid- large molecule fluids
✓ crystalloid- small molecule and able to move through a semipermeable membrane
treatment for impaired perfusion/oxygenation
✓ address primary cause (eg bleeding/burns)
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