FireFighter 1 and 2 Final Study Guide Exam Questions and Answers

FireFighter 1 and 2 Final Study Guide Exam Questions and Answers - answers. In a typical fire department rank structure, an assistant chief reports to the ______. a. section chief b. chief of the department c. command staff d. battalion chief - answersb. chief of the department Which term can be defined as the set of guidelines that a department establishes for its fire fighters? a. Unity of command b. Span of control c. Discipline d. Training - answersc. discipline In a typical fire department rank structure, an assistant chief reports to the ______. a. section chief b. chief of the department c. command staff d. battalion chief - answersb. Chief of the Department Which of the following are developed to provide definitive guidelines for present and future actions? a. Regulations b. Standard operating procedures c. Policies D. After action reports - answersc. Policies Which term can be defined as the set of guidelines that a department establishes for its fire fighters? a. Unity of command b. Span of control c. Discipline d. Training - answersc. Discipline Truck companies are sometimes referred to as ______ companies. a. rapid intervention b. rescue c. ladder e - answersc. Ladder For whom should fire fighters consider that they work? a. The tax paying citizens b. Themselves c. Their supervisors d. Their team - answersa. the tax paying citizens The number of people whom one person can supervise effectively is known as ______. a. chain of command b. division of labor c. span of control d. functional supervision - answersc. span of control Which development led to the widespread use of the mechanized pumping apparatus? a. Private insurance companies b. Wagon mounted steam engines c. Jacketed hose d. Internal combustion engines - answersd. Internal combustion engines In the fire service, the bugle has become a symbol of _____. a. authority b. courage c. fraternity d. service - answersa. authority Medical requirements for fire fighters are specified in which NFPA standard? a. 1002 b. 1582 c. 1962 d. 904 - answersb. 1582 Which type of company specializes in saving victims from fires, confined spaces, trenches, and high angle situations? a. Rescue b. Rapid Intervention c. Truck d. Engine - answersa. Rescue NFPA standards are ________. a. regulatory law b. administrative law c. consensus documents d. model codes - answersc. consensus documents Which rank is directly above a lieutenant in the fire service? a. Division/group supervisor b. Division chief c. Captain d. Battalion chief - answersc. Captain What does the "S" stand for in "SOP"? a. Standard b. Sequential c. Specific d. Special - answersa. Standard Where was the first fire insurance company formed in America? a. New York, New York b. Boston, Massachusetts c. Charleston, South Carolina d. Chicago, Illinois - answersc. Charleston, South Carolina Training and performance qualifications for firefighters are specified in which NFPA standard? a. 1021 b. 472 c. 1001 d. 1500 - answersc. 1001 Which position specializes in reviewing plans for fire detection and suppression systems for functionality and code compliance? a. Fire protection engineer b. Fire prevention officer c. Fire systems specialist d. Fire marshal - answersa. Fire protection engineer Who developed the first fire hydrant? a. John Lofton b. Ben Franklin c. Hans Hautsch d. George Smith - answersd. George Smith The individual responsible for the overall management of an incident is the ______. a. incident commander b. company officer c. commanding officer d. operations chief - answersa. incident commander The earliest known fire department was in _________. a. ancient Rome b. Germany c. Greece d. the Ottoman Empire - answersa. ancient Rome Which type of company is responsible for securing a water source, deploying handlines, and putting water on the fire? a. Pumper b. Initial attack c. Engine d. Truck - answersc. Engine Three out of four career fire fighters work in jurisdictions with a population of _________ or more. a. 75,000 b. 25,000 c. 50,000 d. 100,000 - answersb. 25,000 A fire fighter will most typically report directly to a person of which rank? a. Battalion chief b. Lieutenant c. Unit leader d. Section chief - answersb. Lieutenant Organizing an incident by breaking down the overall strategy into a series of smaller tasks is an example of _____. a. span of control b. unity of command c. division of labor d. discipline - answersc. division of labor Which national organization writes codes and standards for fire protection? a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) b. United States c. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) d. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - answersd. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Which of the following is the organizational structure through which a department manages its routine and emergency operations? a. Incident command system b. Division of labor c. Chain of command d. Scalar structure - answersc. Chain of Command Specific information on the actions to be taken to accomplish a certain task is provided by _______. a. Policies b. Rules and regulations c. Standard operating procedures d. Incident action plans - answersc. standard operating procedures A fire fighter with specialized knowledge and training for high angle rescue, structural collapse, trench rescue, confined space, and similar operations is a _______. a. Special operations technician b. Fire Fighter II c. Search and rescue technician d. technical rescue technician - answersd. technical rescue technician Which basic management principle says that each fire fighter should answer to only one supervisor? a. Organizational accountability b. Division of labor c. Unity of command d. Span of control - answersc. Unity of command Which position servers as a liaison between the incident commander and the news media? a. Public information officer b. Liaison officer c. Agency representative d. Planning section chief - answersa. Public information officer Which are the two levels of NFPA fire fighter certification? a. A and B b. Basic and Advanced c. Junior and Senior d. I and II - answersd. I and II Which of the following was one of the major U.S. fires of 1871? a. Great New Orleans fire b. Great Fire of Pittsburgh c. Great Chicago fire d. Great Boston fire - answersc. Great Chicago fire A fire fighter with specialized training for aircraft and airport related incidents is a(n) _______. a. technical rescue technician b. aircraft rescue fire fighter c. hazardous material technician d. aviation operations specialist - answersb. aircraft rescue fire fighter The goal of ______ is to ensure that all members of the agency perform a given task in a uniform way. a. The manual of operations b. Policies c. Standard operating procedures d. Tactical objectives - answersb. Policies The upper limit of span of control in a complex, dynamic situation is generally considered to be ___ to 1. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 15 - answersa. 5 Who is responsible for coordinating the activities of several fire companies in a defined geographic area such as a district? a. Section chief b. Captain c. Battalion Chief d. Assistant Chief - answersc. Battalion Chief A fire fighter who is trained and certified in chemical identification, leak control and decontamination is a(n) ____. a. Material technical specialist b. Fire Fighter II c. Spill management technician d. Hazardous materials technician - answersd. hazardous material technician Which type of company specializes in incidents involving spilled or leaking hazardous chemicals? a. Hazardous material b. Truck c. Salvage d. Engine - answersa. Hazardous material Which of the following is one of the four basic management principles used by fire departments? a. Division of labor b. Common terminology c. Delegation of authority d. Management by objective - answersa. Division of labor Approximately ____ percent of fire fighters in the United States are volunteers. a. 34 b. 46 c. 55 d. 73 - answersd. 73 Which style of leadership does the fire department use? a. Paramilitary b. Top centralized c. Decentralized d. Distributed - answersa. Paramilitary What does the Golden Rule mean when applied to the fire service? a. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family b. Working as a team is essential to success c. Stay humble and teachable, and be willing to teach others d. Honor the job by working hard and doing your best - answersa. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family Which organization developed the Everybody Goes Home Program? a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) b. National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF) c. International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) d. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - answersb. National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF) When responding to domestic disputes or other scenes involving violence, fire fighters should ______. a. attempt to mediate the dispute b. wait for law enforcement to declare the scene safe c. call for a critical incident stress debriefing team d. remove the involved individuals to separate rooms - answersb. wait for law enforcement to declare the scene safe Which of the following is a life threatening condition requiring immediate medical care? a. Heat exhaustion b. Heat stroke c. Heat shock d. None of the above - answersb. Heat stroke Which part of the body should be used for a heavy lift? a. The shoulder girdle b. The abdomen c. The legs d. The waist - answersc. the legs Approximately _____ fire fighters are killed in the line of duty each year in the United States. a. 1000 b. 10 c. 100 d. 10,000 - answersc. 100 What is the minimum number of fire fighters required to make up a firefighting team? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1 - answersc. 2 It is estimated that one vehicle accident involving an emergency vehicle occurs for every ____ emergency responses. a. 1000 b. 5000 c. 100 d. 10,000 - answersa. 1000 What is a common sign or symptom of heat stroke? a. Hot, dry skin b. Cramping c. Profuse sweating d. Bradycardia - answersa. Hot, dry skin Which of the following is one of the three methods by which team members working in hazardous area should maintain contact with one another at all times? a. OTOH b. Rope c. Visual d. Radio - answersC. Visual Who has the authority to directly and immediately stop any activity on the fire ground that he or she judges to be unsafe? a. Safety officer b. Division/group supervisors c. All personnel d. Company officer - answersa. Safety Officer In the United States, the number of fire fighter deaths that occurs during emergency operations is _____ the number that occur during nonemergency activates. a. nearly five teams b. about equal to c. about twice d. about half - answersb. about equal to If one team member must exit a hazard area for any reason, what should the rest of the team do? a. Defer to the team leader, who should decided based on the circumstances b. Exit as the entire team together c. Continue working on their assignment d. Assign a buddy to accompany the member out of the hazard area - answersb. Exit as the entire team together The sole responsibility of a(n) ______ is to provide emergency assistance to crews working inside the hazardous area. a. interior attack b. rapid intervention crew c. buddy system d. rescue group - answersb. rapid intervention crew Who should accompany a fire fighter sent to the rehabilitation area? a. an EMT b. No one; the affected fire fighter should go to rehab alone c. The entire crew d. One member of his or her crew - answersc. the entire crew What is the term for acting without a superiors order or outside of department SOPs? a. Independent action b. Decentralized authority c. Initiative d. Freelancing - answersd. Freelancing Which of the following is an essential element of safe emergency operations? a. Initiative b. Teamwork c. Sacrifice d. Integrity - answersb. Teamwork Health and safety programs for the fire fighters are the subject of NFPA _____. a. 1001 b. 1500 c. 1901 d. 1021 - answersb. 1500 How soon after a traumatic call should a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) be held? a. As soon as possible b. Within a week c. Within 24 hours d. Within 72 hours - answersa. as soon as possible Which statement about downed electrical wires is correct? a. Turnout boots and thick rubber glove will afford you sufficient protection. b. A down power line may be safely pinned down under the tire of the apparatus. c. Fire fighters should operation under the assumption that all downed utility lines are energized. d. Firefighters should use tools with wood or fiberglass handles to manipulate downed lines. - answersc.Fire fighters should operate under the assumption that all downed utility lines are energized. The majority of fire fighter injuries are ______. a. Soft tissue injuries b. Inhalation injuries c. Burns d. Strains and sprains - answersd. strains and sprains What is the purpose of a personnel accountability system? a. Track personnel and assignments on the emergency scene b. Prevent freelancing c. Brief newly arriving crews on the situation status d. Ensure completion of tasks delegated to fire fighters - answersa. track personnel and assignments on the emergency scene What is the relationship between habits developed in training and performance on the fire ground? a. Habits formed in training necessarily become abbreviated and rushed on the fire ground. b. Habits developed in training will continue on the fire ground. c. In the stress of emergency operations, habits are overridden by instincts d. Fire ground performance is not significantly altered through habituation - answersb. habits developed in training will continue on the fire ground Who is responsible for determining when removal of SCBA is permissible after a fire has been extinguished? a. The company officer b. Each individual is responsible for this decision c. The incident commander d. The safety officer - answersd. the safety officer When is freelancing acceptable during emergency operations? a. Prior to the establishment of an incident command structure b. Whenever such action will result in a favorable outcome c. In response to sudden changes in circumstances or conditions d. Never - answersd. Never If, during training, you observe an unsafe practice, what should you do? a. Take immediate action to reduce the hazard b. Bring it to the attention of the instructor or designated safety officer c. Stay focused on your own assignment d. Alert the members in closest proximity to the hazard - answersb. ring it to the attention of the instructor or designed safety officer. A primary goal of investigating each fire fighter accident or injury is to ________. a. determine whether misfeasance occurred b. assess civil liability exposure c. determine how such an incident can be avoided in the future d. establish patterns and trends - answersc. determine how such an incident can be avoided in the future When is it acceptable to drive a fire apparatus over a downed power line? a. In an emergency situation where there is no alternative approach b. Only if it can be done in such a way that no two tires touch the downed line simultaneously c. If the wire is motionless and silent d. never - answersd. Never Which of the following is one of the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives? a. Promote mandatory participation in fire fighter fitness and wellness programs b. Fight fire aggressively buy plan for safety first c. Ensure that fire fighters have access to counseling and psychological support services d. Empower safety officers to stop unsafe practices - answersc. Ensure that fire fighters have access to counseling and psychological support services Approximately ____ percent of fire fighters who die in vehicle collisions are not wearing seat belts. a. 10 b. 40 c. 50 d. 25 - answersb. 40 Which of the following is one of the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives? a. Ensure a mandatory rest period following full consumption of a single SCBA b. Utilize technology whenever it can produce higher levels of safety and health c. Develop and promotion national standards for rapid intervention team operations d. Promote the establishment of an annual Fire Fighter Safety Stand Down - answersb. Utilize technology wherever it can produce higher levels of safety and health At an emergency scene, the safety officer reports directly to the _______. a. Operations chief b. Medical group supervisor c. General staff d. Incident commander - answersd. incident commander Which statement best summarizes the types of incidents for which the incident command system (ICS) be should be implemented? a. Incidents exceeding a single 0perational period b. Incidents where the incident commander's span of control is exceeded c. Incidents involving more than a single company d. All emergency incidents - answersd. all emergency incidents Fire fighters should drink _____ of water for every 5 to 10 minutes of physical exertion. a. 12 to 15 oz (0.35 5o 0.45 L) b. 16 to 20 oz (0.5 to 0.6 L) c. 8 to 10 oz (0.2 to 0.3 L) d. 2 to 4 oz (60 to 120 mL) - answersc. 8 to 10 oz. (.2 to .3 L) What does the "buddy system" refer to? a. The passport personnel accountability system b. Two in, Two out c. A team of two partners who maintain constant contact d. The tradition of "No one left behind" - answersc. A team of two partners who maintain constant contact Fire fighters should spend a minimum of ____ minutes per day in physical fitness training. a. 30 b. 15 c. 45 d. 60 - answersd. 60 A fire department is required to have a _____ to track personnel and assignments at an emergency scene. a. passport systems b. situation status report c. unit log d. personnel accountability system - answersd. personnel accountability system The majority of fire fighter deaths are caused by ______. a. asphyxiation b. heart attack or stroke c. burns d. trauma - answersb. heart attack or stroke Which of the following must occur before self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is removed? a. A personnel accountability report has been performed b. All remaining fire has been extinguished c. The atmosphere has been tested and found safe d. Salvage efforts are complete - answersc. the atmosphere has been tested and found safe Following notification of an emergency response, when should fire fighters don personal protective equipment (PPE)? a. After the first arriving unit gives its report on conditions b. Upon dismounting the apparatus at the scene c. While on the apparatus, en route to the call d. Prior to mounting the apparatus - answersd. Prior to mounting the apparatus Which term describes the small magnetic boards carried by company officers as part of a personnel accountability system? a. Dog tags b. Passports c. Scoreboards d. Unit rosters - answersb. Passports Fire fighters responding to a dispatch in a emergency vehicles are exempt from _______. a. only those exemptions specified by statute b. traffic laws dealing with traffic signals and parking c. most civil and criminal liability d. standards of reasonable care that apply to emergency vehicles - answersa. only those exemptions specified by statute At least one member of every interior firefighting team should be equipped with a ________. a. a spare SCBA cylinder b. guide rope c. portable radio d. thermal imager - answersc. portable radio The majority of ground cover fires are extinguished with which item? a. backfire b. aircraft c. backpack pump d. CAFS - answersc. backpack pump Which tool is a combination of hoe and rake? a. forestry hoe b. combination c. Pulaski d. McLeod - answersd. McLeod What is a consequence of falling relative humidity? a. falling burn index b. increased lapse rate c. decreased ignitability d. decreased fuel moisture - answersd. decreased fuel moisture What is the term for the capability of an apparatus to pump water while moving? a. dual drive b. auxiliary drive c. power take off d. pump and roll - answersd. pump and roll Subsurface fuels are challenging to deal with because they are ______. a. hard to locate b. continuous c. highly susceptible to changes in weather d. readily ignitable - answersa. hard to locate What is the term for a long, narrow extension of fire projecting out from the main body of a wildland fire? a. spot b. island c. finger d. run - answersc. finger Why do compact fuels burn slowly? a. they retain moisture b. they are less continuous c. they have less surface area d. air cannot circulate as freely - answersd. air cannot circulate as freely Which type of map details changes in elevation? a. topographic b. cartometric c. planometric d. orthographic - answersa. topographic A safety zone should be large enough ______. a. to fit apparatus as well as personnel b. to be accessible by rotary-winged aircraft c. to accommodate an entire division d. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury - answersd. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury Which NFPA standard covers wildland fire fighter professional qualifications? a. 1051 b. 1021 c. 1041 d. 1031 - answersa. 1051 What is the term for the burned area of a wildland fire? a. body b. black c. heel d. island - answersb. black What does the "E" in LCES stand for? a. Escape routes b. Expect surprises c. Establish accountability d. Establish lookouts - answersa. Escape routes (Lookout, Communications, Escape route, Safety zone) The most rapidly moving part of a wildland fire is the _____. a. point b. head c. apex d. foot - answersb. head Which tool combines an axe with an adze? a. council rake b. McLeod c. Brush hook d. Pulaski - answersd. Pulaski Which condition will generally result in lower relative humidity? a. higher fuel moisture b. increasing temperature c. nighttime d. precipitation - answersb. increasing temperature What is another term for surface fuels? a. litter b. understory c. ground d. duff - answersc. ground Wildland fuels that lie under the surface of the ground are _____ fuels. a. substory b. duff c. understory d. subsurface - answersd. subsurface What is the most common type of wildland fire? a. forest b. brush c. ground cover d. crown - answersc. ground cover What is slash? a. partially decomposed organic matter b. debris from logging or clearing operations c. partially burned fuel d. seasonal ground cover - answersb. debris from logging or clearing operations Which term means areas where underdeveloped land with vegetative fuels is mixed with human-made structures? a. greenbelt b. rural-urban intermix c. wild-urban interface d. rural development zone - answersc. wild-urban interface What is a characteristic of fine fuels? a. resistance to rapid changes in fuel moisture b. difficulty in extinguishing them c. large surface area relative to volume d. long burn duration - answersc. large surface area relative to volume What is one of the 10 standard wildland firefighting order? a. do not attempt to outrun a fire uphill b. base all actions on current and expected fire behavior c. focus on what is not burning, rather than what is burning d. attack the flanks of the fire, not the head - answersb. base all actions on current and expected fire behavior 10 Wildland Fire Order: 1. keep informed on the fire weather conditions & forecasts 2. know what you fire is doing at all times 3. base all actions on current and expected fire behavior 4. identify escape routes & safety zones and make them known 5. post lookouts when there is possible danger 6. be alert, keep calm, think clearly, act decisively 7. maintain prompt communications with yoru forces, your supervisor & adjoining forces 8. give clear instructions and ensure they are understood 9. maintain control of your forces at all times fire aggressively, having provided for safety first Which fuel classification included large brush? a. ground b. heavy c. moderate d. median - answersb. heavy Which extinguishing agent is best suited for use in wildland fire operations? a. AFFF b. carbon dioxide c. compressed air foam d. dry chemical - answersc. compressed air foam What is the area between the fingers of a wildland fire? a. joint b. pocket c. island d. peninsula - answersb. pocket What is another term for aerial fuels? a. raised b. canopy c. ladder d. elevated - answersb. canopy What is dry lightning? a. a lightning strike that does not cause a fire b. lightning strike without rain c. lightning that does not contact the ground d. lightning occurring in otherwise fair weather - answersb. lightning strike without rain Which factor has the greatest effect on the moisture content of fuels? a. temperature b. continuity c. wind d. relative humidity - answersd. relative humidity Which federal government agency manages wildland incidents occurring on federal lands? a. Occupational Health and Safety Administration b. US Fire Administration c. US Forest Service f. Federal Emergency Management Agency - answersc. US Forest Service Which of the following is a component of the wildland fire triangle? a. fuel moisture b. wind c. heat d. humidity - answersc. heat The maximum diameter of a 1 hour fuel is ____. a. 1 " b. 1/2" c. 1/4" d. 3/4" - answersc. 1/4" What is the term for the natural and human-made features of land? a. geology b. cartography c. topography d. geography - answersc. topography What is usually the main type of fuel present in ground cover fires? a. heavy b. fine c. light d. course - answersb. fine The unburned part of a wildand fire area is the ______. a. clear b. island c. perimeter d. green - answersd. green What is the term for an area of unburned land surrounded by burned land? a. pocket b. heel c. finger d. island - answersd. island Fuels that are in contact with each other are described as _____. a. continuous b. uninterrupted c. compact d. unbroken - answersa. continuous The location near where a wildland fire began is the _______. a. origin b. heel c. launch d. source - answersb. heel Which component of the fire triangle is in greatest abundance in a wildland fire? a. heat b. fuel c. oxygen d. reducing agent - answersc. oxygen Aerial fuels are at least ____ above the ground. a. 6ft b. 10ft c. 8ft d. 4ft - answersa. 6ft If a wildland or ground cover fire is too dangerous for a direct attack, which type of fire attack should be used? a. pincer b. flanking c. head d. indirect - answersd. indirect The distance between fire fighters is a safety zone and the flames should be a minimum of ____ times the flame height. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 2 - answersb. 4 The smothering method of extinguishment is most frequently used in which wildland operation? a. indirect attack b. direct attack c. overhaul d. cold trailing - answersc. overhaul Typical backpack pumps contain ______. a. 4 to 8 gal b. 8to 12 gal c. 2 to 4 gal d. 5 to 10 gal - answersa. 4 to 8 gal What is one of the two primary methods of direct attack on a wildland fire? a. aerial b. backfire c. pincer d. frontal - answersc. pincer Which fuel is most susceptible to changes in relative humidity? a. compacted b. grass c. brush d. aerial - answersb. grass Which type of wildland fire attack is made on the fire's burning edge? a. indirect b. direct c. frontal d. offensive - answersb. direct What is the ratio of water in air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a given temperature? a. saturation index b. barometric pressure c. moisture ratio d. relative humidity - answersd. relative humidity On which basis are wildland fuels classified? a. weight b. moisture content c. diameter d. composition - answersc. diameter What is one of the three categories of wildland fire causes? a. spontaneous b. conditional c. criminal d. intentional - answersd. intentional What is the last resort for a fire fighter in danger of being overrun by a wildland fire? a. flee to the safety zone b. deploy a fire shelter c. take shelter in a vehicle cab d. take shelter in a house - answersb. deploy a fire shelter What is one of the 10 standard wildland firefighting orders? a. avoid downhill fire line construction b. establish & maintain chain of command & span of control c. keep informed on weather conditions and forecasts d. beware of unburned fuel between you and the fire - answersc. keep informed on weather conditions and forecasts Which type of respiratory protection is normally used in wildland firefighting? a. SCBA b. PAPR c. Filter Mask d. APR - answersc. Filter Mask What is one of the three categories of wildland fire causes? a. proximal b. electrical c. natural d. mechanical - answersc. natural Which NFPA standard covers protective clothing and equipment for wildland firefighting? a. 1980 b. 1978 c. 1977 d. 1979 - answersc. 1977 The NFPA defines wildland fires as unplanned and uncontrolled fire burning in _____ fuel. a. natural b. living c. vegetative d. organic - answersc. vegetative What is the term for the partly organic material on a forest floor? a. ground duff b. understory c. litter d. surface compost - answersa. ground duff The quantity of wildland fuel available in specific area is fuel _______. a. volume b. loading c. density d. continuity - answersa. volume Ground cover is an example of a(n) ______ fuel. a. understory b. compact c. surface d. live - answersc. surface Which of the following is an example of a fine fuel? a. grass b. branch c. root d. stick - answersa. grass In which type of fuel will a fire spread the most rapidly? a. brush b. slash c. fine d. compacted - answersc. fine According to the NFPA, rehab should be required after ____ minutes of intense work without SCBA. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 60 - answersc. 40 How should company members check into the rehab center? a. on an as needed basis b. all members together c. individually d. in assigned pairs - answersb. all members together What is the primary goal of rehabilitation? a. replacement of SCBA cylinders b. minimizing exposure to critical incident stress c. restoring normal body temperature d. reinforcing team integrity - answersc. restoring normal body temperature PPE has the greatest effect on which body function? a. temperature regulation b. respiration c. perfusion d. cellular metabolism - answersa. temperature regulation How does wearing PPE affect the body's ability to regulate temperature? a. heat in efficiently conducted from the skin to the shell b. cool SCBA cylinder air improves respiratory cooling c. the perspiration-soaked inner liner enhances cooling by convection d. PPE prevents evaporative cooling - answersd. PPE prevents evaporative cooling At 5% of dehydration, work capacity can be decreased by as much as ______. a. 30% b. 20% c. 10% d. 5% - answersa. 30% Which of the following is a form of active cooling? a. removal of PPE b. rest in a shady area c. rest in an air-conditioned environment d. application of wet, cool towels - answersd. application of wet, cool towels Which of the following is a form of passive cooling? a. immersion in cool water b. use of misting fans c. application of wet towels d. rest in an air-conditioned environment - answersd. rest in an air-conditioned environment Once a fire fighter loses an initial 2 quarts of water of internal fluid, how long will rehydration take? a. 5 to 15 minutes b. 15 to 30 minutes c. 30 to 60 minutes d. 1 to 2 hours - answersd. 1 to 2 hours The USFA recommends establishing a rehabilitation operation when the heat stress index reaches _______. a. 90 degree F b. 80 degree F c. 95 degree F d. 85 degree F - answersa. 90 degree F Safety begins with _______. a. taking personal responsibility b. developing good habits c. leadership by example d. realistic training - answersa. taking personal responsibility Which of the following activities produces the highest level of physiological stress? a. vehicle accident requiring extrication b. working in a fully encapsulated suit c. a medical emergency where the victim is choking d. back to back incidents - answersb. working in a fully encapsulated suit Which of the following is a component of the seven part rehabilitation model? a. air cylinder replacement b. active/passive warming/cooling c. injury prevention d. check in/check out - answersb. active/passive warming/cooling What is the most reliable way to stay well hydrated? a. drink early and often b. drink as much as you can during work periods c. drink when you are thirsty d. use urine color as an indicator of hydration - answersa. drink early and often Protein should account for approximately ____ of calories in a balanced diet? a. 25% b. 40% c. 10% c. 55% - answersc. 10% Drinks that contain _____ should be avoided for fluid replacement. a. electrolytes b. caffeine c. salt d. sugar - answersb. caffeine When should a full rehabilitation center be established? a. for any incident occurring in extreme weather b. at all incidents requiring the use of PPE c. at all incidents d. in varies with conditions and the nature of the incident - answersb. at all incidents requiring the use of PPE How are rehabilitation concerns affected by cold weather? a. recommended fluid intake is reduced b. PPE reduces the likelihood of hypothermia c. drinking hot liquids should be prohibited d. rehab should include access to dry clothing - answersd. rehab should include access to dry clothing What is the body's primary source of energy? a. electrolytes b. protein c. glucose d. insulin - answersc. glucose Who plans ahead to make sure there is a fresh or rested crew ready to rotate with a crew that needs rehabilitation? a. the company officer b. the logistics section chief c. the staging officer d. the incident commander - answersd. the incident commander The amount of rest needed to recover from physical exertion is _______ related to the intensity of the work performed. a. not b. inversely c. somewhat d. directly - answersd. directly What are electrolytes? a. specialized tissues that conduct nerve impulses b. compounds that provide energy for physical exertion c. salts and other chemicals dissolved in body fluids d. nutrients required for body temperature regulation - answersc. salts and other chemicals dissolved in body fluids How does PPE prevent evaporate cooling? a. perspiration is absorbed in the layers b. the thermal barrier prevents heat transfer c. the vapor barrier prevents evaporation of sweet d. the liner reflects evaporative heat - answersc. the vapor barrier prevents evaporation of sweet How does humidity affect the body's temperature-regulating mechanisms? a. high humidity reduces evaporative cooling b. the need for fluid replacement decreases as humidity increases c. low humidity improves convective cooling d. sweating increases as humidity decreases - answersa. high humidity reduces evaporative cooling Which fire ground situation is most likely to result in bloating? a. gulping water b. use of positive pressure SCBA c. heavy exertion d. stress and anxiety - answersa. gulping water According to NFPA, rehab should be required after a fire fighter has consumed ____ 30-minute SCBA bottle(s). a. 4 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 - answersc. 2 What is the best source of complex carbohydrates? a. whole grain bread b. red meat c. fish d. vegetables - answersa. whole grain bread What is the effect of rest on physical endurance? a. rest improves endurance b. there is no significant effect c. rest decreases endurance d. the effect varies with the type of exertion - answersa. rest improves endurance In which type of incident is the rehab center located farthest from the operational area? a. confined space b. wildland c. high-rise d. hazardous materials - answersd. hazardous materials When does the rest phase begin during the rehabilitation process? a. after body temperature has been restored b. after rehydration and calorie replacement c. upon arrival at the rehabilitation center d. after the initial medical evaluation - answersc. upon arrival at the rehabilitation center Which of the following is a component of the seven part rehabilitation model? a. debriefing b. rotation c. stress management d. medical monitoring - answersd. medical monitoring What should fire fighters do with their PPE in rehabilitation? a. keep it on in cold or wet weather b. remove helmets, hoods and gloves c. keep it on d. remove it - answersd. remove it The body's ability to absorb fluid is limited to approximately ____ per hour. a. 1 pint b. 1 gallon c. 1 quart d. 1 ounce - answersc. 1 quart What is the most common source of saturated fats? a. fish b. animal products c. deaf-leaf vegetables c. cereal grains - answersb. animal products At which type of incidents should a rehabilitation center be established? a. incidents requiring the use of full PPE b. all fire incidents c. high intensity / long duration incidents d. all incidents - answersc. high intensity / long duration incidents The USFA recommends establishing a rehabilitation operation when the chill factor drops to ___ or lower. a. 10 degrees F b. 20 degrees F c. 15 degrees F d. 25 degrees F - answersa. 10 degrees F What is the standard method for managing the workload for fire fighters working a high-rise fire? a. hoist, rather than carry, tools and equipment b. do not require PPE for personnel working in smoke-proof stairwells c. assign several companies to do the work normally assigned to one company d. enforce a 1:1 work time/rehabilitation time rule - answersc. assign several companies to do the work normally assigned to one company What is a common sign or symptom of low blood sugar? a. excessive thirst b. feeling weak and shaky c. muscle cramps d. nausea and vomiting - answersb. feeling weak and shaky Which condition is defined as an internal body temperature less than 95 degree F? a. frost bite b. cold stroke c. exposure d. hypothermia - answersd. hypothermia A PPE ensemble weighs at least ______. a. 25 lb b. 60 lb c. 75 lb d. 40 lb - answersd. 40 lb How should fire fighters be released from rehabilitation? a. individuals should be released as they complete the rehab process b. all member of a company should be released together c. personnel should be released on an as needed basis d. personnel should check out in the same order that they checked in - answersb. all member of a company should be released together A fire fighter can lose up to ___ in an hour of strenuous exertion. a. 1.5 quarts b. 1 quart c. .5 quart d. 2 quarts - answersd. 2 quarts Localized tissue damage resulting from prolonged exposure to cold is called _______. a. hypothermia b. frostbite c. frostnip d. coldsnap - answersb. frostbite What is the main component in tissue growth and repair? a. unsaturated fats b. lipids c. protein d. carbohydrates - answersc. protein Which statement about rehabilitation is correct? a. a rehab center should be established at every incident b. rehab should be limited to high intensity or long-duration incidents c. rehab should be a consideration on every incident d. the need for rehab should be determined by line personnel - answersc. rehab should be a consideration on every incident Hypothermia is defined as body temperature less than ____. a. 91 degrees F b. 95 degrees F c. 93 degrees F d. 89 degrees F - answersb. 95 degrees F The danger category of the heat stress index is determined by the _____. a. relative humidity b. duration of exposure c. apparent temperature d. air temperature - answersc. apparent temperature As fatigue increases, the risk of injury ______. a. stays the same b. becomes unavoidable c. increases d. decreases - answersc. increases At which type of incidents is rehabilitation a concern? a. all fire incidents b. all incidents c. incidents requiring the use of full PPE d. high intensity / long duration incidents - answersb. all incidents What is the ideal location for the rehabilitation center at a high-rise fire? a. in the lobby of the fire building b. outside but nearby the fire building c. in a safe location on the fire floor d. 2 or 3 floors below the fire - answersd. 2 or 3 floors below the fire Fire fighters wearing fully encapsulated suits are particularly susceptible to ______. a. heat stress b. mechanical injury c. respiratory injury d. cardiac arrhythmia - answersa. heat stress What is the most serious consequence of untreated dehydration? a. syncope b. death c. heat exhaustion d. heat stroke - answersb. death According to NFPA, the minimum rest time during rehabilitation is ____ minutes. a. 20 b. 5 c. 10 d. 15 - answersa. 20 Upon release from rehabilitation, fire fighters should _____. a. be medically evaluated b. report for reassignment c. be released from the scene d. return to their previous assignment - answersb. report for reassignment Which fuel is used most readily by the body during high intensity physical activities? a. carbohydrates b. starch c. amino acids d. saturated fats - answersa. carbohydrates What is the common sign or symptom of high blood glucose? a. nausea/vomiting b. syncope c. sluggish feeling d. profuse sweating - answersc. sluggish feeling How are rehabilitation concerns affected by high humidity? a. the likelihood of hypothermia increases with humidity b. time spent is rehab can be reduced c. rehab time must double d. plain water only - answersd. plain water only During short duration incidents, which type of nourishment is ideal for fire fighters to sustain peak performance levels? a. caffeinated soda b. low sugar, high protein sports bars c. equal portions of protein, carbohydrate, and fat d. plan water only - answersb. low sugar, high protein sports bars Nutrition during extended-duration incidents should emphasize ______. a. complete, balanced meals b. fluid and electrolyte replacement c. carbohydrate loading d. high protein, high fat foods - answersa. complete, balanced meals In the time it takes to consume two SCBA air cylinders, enough body fluid can be lost to result in ______. a. heat exhaustion b. impaired temperature regulation c. syncope d. heat stroke - answersd. heat stroke Fats should account for approximately ____ of calories in a balanced diet. a. 40 to 50 percent b. 10 to 15 percent c. 55 to 65 percent d. 25 to 30 percent - answersd. 25 to 30 percent What does the SAID (specific adaptation to imposed demands) principle apply to? a. training methods b. tactics and strategy c. critical incident stress d. rehabilitation - answersa. training methods Carbohydrates should account for approximately ____ of calories in a balanced diet. a. 30% b. 45% c. 60% d. 75% - answersc. 60% A fire fighter's first priority should be to take care of ______. a. himself or herself b. people affected by the incident c. the general public d. the members of his or her company - answersa. himself or herself Which kind of steel has been specially treated to resist cutting by normal means? a. case hardening b. alloy c. ductile d. tempered - answersa. case hardening What must be done prior to making forcible entry into a fire building? a. utilities must be controlled b. an "all clear" must be declared c. the fire attack team must be ready d. ventilation must be established - answersc. the fire attack team must be ready Before beginning any forcible entry, which reminder phrase should fire fighters keep in mind? a. without a hose, the fire grows b. get low before you go c. doors are replaceable; lives are not d. try before you pry - answersd. try before you pry Which tool is part of the "irons"? a. pick head axe b. mallet c. flat-head axe d. pry bar - answersc. flat-head axe Where are the hinges placed on a casement window? a. side b. middle c. top d. bottom - answersa. side Ideally, when forcible entry is used, what should fire fighters do before leaving the scene? a. make the occupant aware of the unsecured openings b. bring the matter to the attention of the LE personnel c. take steps to secure the building d. photograph and document the damage - answersc. take steps to secure the building Which tool combines an axe, a pick, and a claw? a. halligan bar b. pick-head axe c. ram bar d. clemens - answersa. halligan bar Which type of glass is normally used in automobile side and rear windows? a. annealed b. laminated c. polycarbonated d. tempered - answersd. tempered Where should a fire fighter stand when breaking windows? a. windward side of the window with the hands above the break b. leeward side of the window with the hands below the break c. leeward side of the window with the hands about the break d. windward side of the window with the hands below the break - answersa. windward side of the window with the hands above the break What should be done after a self-closing door is forced? a. return the door to the closed position b. allow the mechanism to resume its normal operation c. cut the actuation cable d. chock the door in the open position - answersd. chock the door in the open position How much damage is caused by forcing the locks on double-hung windows? a. moderate b. none c. minor d. extensive - answersd. extensive Which action should fire fighters perform first before forcing a door? a. gap the door b. look for a glass panel in or adjacent to the door c. sound the surrounding wall d. check for the presence of a dead bolt - answersb. look for a glass panel in or adjacent to the door How are jalousie windows normally opened and closed? a. pulling the chain attached to the drum b. sliding the sash within the frame c. turning a small hand-crank d. using a remote operated electric motor - answersc. turning a small hand-crank Which type of glass is used in most sliding doors? a. tempered b. laminated c. annealed d. polycarbonate - answersa. tempered Which of the following is a type of door frame? a. jointed b. stiled c. stopped d. dadoed - answersc. stopped For forcible entry, who usually determines the point of entry and method to be used? a. fire fighter b. chief officer c. company officer d. incident commander - answersc. company officer