PSY290 TEST BANK SOLUTION MANUAL ALREADY PASSED
Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female) and
performance on a task (success/failure)? - Answers The phi-coefficient
A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students
who hold on to exams until the last possible moment. The correlation between exam score and amount
of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____. - Answers negative correlation
A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong. - Answers false
A researcher conducts a survey to determine the average number of minutes that college students
spend on their smartphones in a typical day. Which research strategy is being used? - Answers a)
Descriptive
b)
Correlational
d)
Nonexperimental
How does the descriptive research strategy differ from the experimental or nonexperimental research
strategies? - Answers a)
It involves comparing groups of scores.
b)
It does not concern relationships between variables.
,d)
It does not involve the measurement of variables.
The goal of the descriptive research strategy is to describe the relationships that exist between
variables. - Answers false
Counting how many times a child exhibits disruptive behavior during a 30-minute observation period is
an example of measuring behavior using the duration method. - Answers false
How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research? - Answers
Only experiments can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
Research indicates the people who suffer from depression also tend to experience insomnia. However, it
is unclear whether the depression causes insomnia or the lack of sleep causes depression. What
problem is demonstrated by this example - Answers directionality problem
manipulation - Answers consists of identifying the specific values of the independent variable to be
examined and then creating a set of treatment conditions corresponding to the set of identified values.
In an experiment, what is the purpose for manipulating the independent variable? - Answers It helps
establish the direction of the relationship and it helps eliminate the third-variable problem.
In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the
possible influence of which of the following variables? - Answers confounding variables
Which of the following characteristics are necessary for an extraneous variable to become a
confounding variable? - Answers It must change systematically when the independent variable is
changed.
- Answers Randomization is the use of a random process to help avoid a systematic relationship
between two variables.
- Answers Random assignment is the use of a random process to assign participants to treatment
conditions
In an experiment comparing two treatments, the researcher assigns participants to treatment conditions
so that each condition has fifteen 7-year-old children and ten 8-year-old children. For this study, what
method is being used to control participant age? - Answers matching
, Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to ________, but it can limit the
________ of an experiment. - Answers internal validity, external validity
Which of the following is the primary goal for randomly assigning participants to treatment conditions in
an experiment? - Answers Minimize the likelihood that a participant variable (such as age or gender)
becomes a confounding variable
manipulation check - Answers In an experiment, an additional measure used to assess how the
participants perceived and interpreted the manipulation and/or to assess the direct effect of the
manipulation.
What is the purpose for using a control condition in an experiment? - Answers It provides a baseline that
can be used to evaluate the size of the treatment effect.
An experiment includes a treatment condition, a no-treatment control, and a placebo control. Which
two conditions should be compared to determine the size of the effect that is actually caused by the
treatment? - Answers placebo vs treatment
A researcher exposes people to a stressful situation (such as public speaking) to examine the effect of
stress on depressed mood. Why would the researcher also include a measure of stress? - Answers it is a
manipulation check
simulation - Answers In an experiment, the creation of conditions that simulate or closely duplicate the
natural environment in which the behaviors being examined would normally occur.
mundane realism - Answers In simulation research, the extent to which the superficial, usually physical,
characteristics of the research environment duplicate the real-world environment that is being
simulated.
experimental realism - Answers In simulation research, the extent to which the psychological aspects of
the research environment duplicate the real-world environment that is being simulated.
A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world. This type of research is
called - Answers a field study
Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _________ of an experiment
and still keep much of the _________ of research conducted in the real world. - Answers internal
validity, external validity
Although field studies tend to have higher external validity than traditional laboratory studies, what risk
do they tend to have? - Answers lower internal validity
within-subjects design - Answers Different sets of scores are obtained from the same group of
participants
between-subjects design - Answers Each set of scores is obtained from different groups of participants
Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female) and
performance on a task (success/failure)? - Answers The phi-coefficient
A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students
who hold on to exams until the last possible moment. The correlation between exam score and amount
of time spent on the exam is an example of a ____. - Answers negative correlation
A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong. - Answers false
A researcher conducts a survey to determine the average number of minutes that college students
spend on their smartphones in a typical day. Which research strategy is being used? - Answers a)
Descriptive
b)
Correlational
d)
Nonexperimental
How does the descriptive research strategy differ from the experimental or nonexperimental research
strategies? - Answers a)
It involves comparing groups of scores.
b)
It does not concern relationships between variables.
,d)
It does not involve the measurement of variables.
The goal of the descriptive research strategy is to describe the relationships that exist between
variables. - Answers false
Counting how many times a child exhibits disruptive behavior during a 30-minute observation period is
an example of measuring behavior using the duration method. - Answers false
How do studies using the experimental research strategy differ from other types of research? - Answers
Only experiments can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
Research indicates the people who suffer from depression also tend to experience insomnia. However, it
is unclear whether the depression causes insomnia or the lack of sleep causes depression. What
problem is demonstrated by this example - Answers directionality problem
manipulation - Answers consists of identifying the specific values of the independent variable to be
examined and then creating a set of treatment conditions corresponding to the set of identified values.
In an experiment, what is the purpose for manipulating the independent variable? - Answers It helps
establish the direction of the relationship and it helps eliminate the third-variable problem.
In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the
possible influence of which of the following variables? - Answers confounding variables
Which of the following characteristics are necessary for an extraneous variable to become a
confounding variable? - Answers It must change systematically when the independent variable is
changed.
- Answers Randomization is the use of a random process to help avoid a systematic relationship
between two variables.
- Answers Random assignment is the use of a random process to assign participants to treatment
conditions
In an experiment comparing two treatments, the researcher assigns participants to treatment conditions
so that each condition has fifteen 7-year-old children and ten 8-year-old children. For this study, what
method is being used to control participant age? - Answers matching
, Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to ________, but it can limit the
________ of an experiment. - Answers internal validity, external validity
Which of the following is the primary goal for randomly assigning participants to treatment conditions in
an experiment? - Answers Minimize the likelihood that a participant variable (such as age or gender)
becomes a confounding variable
manipulation check - Answers In an experiment, an additional measure used to assess how the
participants perceived and interpreted the manipulation and/or to assess the direct effect of the
manipulation.
What is the purpose for using a control condition in an experiment? - Answers It provides a baseline that
can be used to evaluate the size of the treatment effect.
An experiment includes a treatment condition, a no-treatment control, and a placebo control. Which
two conditions should be compared to determine the size of the effect that is actually caused by the
treatment? - Answers placebo vs treatment
A researcher exposes people to a stressful situation (such as public speaking) to examine the effect of
stress on depressed mood. Why would the researcher also include a measure of stress? - Answers it is a
manipulation check
simulation - Answers In an experiment, the creation of conditions that simulate or closely duplicate the
natural environment in which the behaviors being examined would normally occur.
mundane realism - Answers In simulation research, the extent to which the superficial, usually physical,
characteristics of the research environment duplicate the real-world environment that is being
simulated.
experimental realism - Answers In simulation research, the extent to which the psychological aspects of
the research environment duplicate the real-world environment that is being simulated.
A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world. This type of research is
called - Answers a field study
Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _________ of an experiment
and still keep much of the _________ of research conducted in the real world. - Answers internal
validity, external validity
Although field studies tend to have higher external validity than traditional laboratory studies, what risk
do they tend to have? - Answers lower internal validity
within-subjects design - Answers Different sets of scores are obtained from the same group of
participants
between-subjects design - Answers Each set of scores is obtained from different groups of participants
