NURS 2042 Exam 1 With
Complete Solution
Antibiotic MOAs - ANSWER inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit DNA/RNA
replication, interference w/ cell wall synthesis, anti-metabolic action
Bacteriostatic - ANSWER inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Bactericidal - ANSWER kills bacteria, homicidal
broad spectrum meds - ANSWER Carbapenems, 4th gen cephalosporins,
Penicillins, Sulfonamides
broad spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER treat both Gram + and Gram -
infections
narrow spectrum meds - ANSWER aminoglycosides, 1st-3rd cephalosporins,
glycopeptide, macrolides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, tetracyclines
narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER treats either Gram + OR Gram -
Antibiotic nursing considerations - ANSWER take with food, take full course,
don't share, report any major adverse effects, rx interactions, birth
control-not all antibiotics
S/S of Hepatotoxicity - ANSWER jaundice, N/V, anorexia, rash, fever
Monitor _______ w/ hepatotoxicity - ANSWER LFTs
S/S of Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER decreased urination, SOB, fatigue,
confusion
,Monitor _____ w/ Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER CBC, BUN, Creatinine
S/S of ototoxicity - ANSWER tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo, oscillating vision
S/S of neurotoxicity - ANSWER headache, vision loss, tingling/numbness in
limbs, weakness
MRDOs - ANSWER multidrug-resistant organisms
Prevention of MRDOs - ANSWER isolation, hygiene, contact isolation
Treatment of MRDOs - ANSWER Usually Vanco
Penicillin adverse effects - ANSWER Hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity
Penicillin Side effects - ANSWER Diarrhea, nausea, HYPO/HYPERkalemia
Penicillin nursing implications - ANSWER Monitor IV, barrier method for BC
Carbapenems adverse effects - ANSWER Severe diarrhea -> report ASAP,
seizures
Carbapenem side effects - ANSWER dizziness, confusion
Carbapenems nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor IV
Cephalosporins adverse effects - ANSWER hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Cephalosporins side effects - ANSWER diarrhea, secondary infections,
HYPO/HYPERkalemia
Cephalosporins nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor IV, NO ALCOHOL,
can interfere w/ coagulation(Vit K), can interfere w/ BC
Sulfonamides adverse effects - ANSWER drowsiness, confession, phototoxic
Sulfonamides side effects - ANSWER GI upset, lightheadedness, neuropathy,
, hypoglycemia, tinnitus, peripheral neuropathy
Sulfonamides interactions - ANSWER hypoglycemics, warfarin(^),
methotrexate, ACE/ARBs, spironolactone=hyperkalemia (suppression of
aldosterone)
Sulfonamides nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor if given longer than
14 days -> do CBC, use if allergic to PNC
Aminoglycoside = - ANSWER Gentamicin
Carbaenem = - ANSWER Meropenem
Cephalosporin = - ANSWER Cefazolin
Aminoglycoside adverse effects - ANSWER ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycoside contraindications - ANSWER do not give w/ muscle relaxants
Aminoglycoside nursing implications - ANSWER Blood levels->toxicities
What meds deactivate aminoglycosides? - ANSWER penicillins, carbapenems,
& cephalosporins
Glycopeptides = - ANSWER Vancomycin
Glycopeptides adverse effects - ANSWER ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
prolonged QT
Glycopeptides side effects - ANSWER secondary infections
Glycopeptide nursing considerations - ANSWER Trough levels 1 hr before
next dose (normal is 10-20), draw toxicity levels!
Macrolides = - ANSWER Azithromycin
Complete Solution
Antibiotic MOAs - ANSWER inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit DNA/RNA
replication, interference w/ cell wall synthesis, anti-metabolic action
Bacteriostatic - ANSWER inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Bactericidal - ANSWER kills bacteria, homicidal
broad spectrum meds - ANSWER Carbapenems, 4th gen cephalosporins,
Penicillins, Sulfonamides
broad spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER treat both Gram + and Gram -
infections
narrow spectrum meds - ANSWER aminoglycosides, 1st-3rd cephalosporins,
glycopeptide, macrolides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, tetracyclines
narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSWER treats either Gram + OR Gram -
Antibiotic nursing considerations - ANSWER take with food, take full course,
don't share, report any major adverse effects, rx interactions, birth
control-not all antibiotics
S/S of Hepatotoxicity - ANSWER jaundice, N/V, anorexia, rash, fever
Monitor _______ w/ hepatotoxicity - ANSWER LFTs
S/S of Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER decreased urination, SOB, fatigue,
confusion
,Monitor _____ w/ Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER CBC, BUN, Creatinine
S/S of ototoxicity - ANSWER tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo, oscillating vision
S/S of neurotoxicity - ANSWER headache, vision loss, tingling/numbness in
limbs, weakness
MRDOs - ANSWER multidrug-resistant organisms
Prevention of MRDOs - ANSWER isolation, hygiene, contact isolation
Treatment of MRDOs - ANSWER Usually Vanco
Penicillin adverse effects - ANSWER Hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity
Penicillin Side effects - ANSWER Diarrhea, nausea, HYPO/HYPERkalemia
Penicillin nursing implications - ANSWER Monitor IV, barrier method for BC
Carbapenems adverse effects - ANSWER Severe diarrhea -> report ASAP,
seizures
Carbapenem side effects - ANSWER dizziness, confusion
Carbapenems nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor IV
Cephalosporins adverse effects - ANSWER hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Cephalosporins side effects - ANSWER diarrhea, secondary infections,
HYPO/HYPERkalemia
Cephalosporins nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor IV, NO ALCOHOL,
can interfere w/ coagulation(Vit K), can interfere w/ BC
Sulfonamides adverse effects - ANSWER drowsiness, confession, phototoxic
Sulfonamides side effects - ANSWER GI upset, lightheadedness, neuropathy,
, hypoglycemia, tinnitus, peripheral neuropathy
Sulfonamides interactions - ANSWER hypoglycemics, warfarin(^),
methotrexate, ACE/ARBs, spironolactone=hyperkalemia (suppression of
aldosterone)
Sulfonamides nursing considerations - ANSWER monitor if given longer than
14 days -> do CBC, use if allergic to PNC
Aminoglycoside = - ANSWER Gentamicin
Carbaenem = - ANSWER Meropenem
Cephalosporin = - ANSWER Cefazolin
Aminoglycoside adverse effects - ANSWER ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycoside contraindications - ANSWER do not give w/ muscle relaxants
Aminoglycoside nursing implications - ANSWER Blood levels->toxicities
What meds deactivate aminoglycosides? - ANSWER penicillins, carbapenems,
& cephalosporins
Glycopeptides = - ANSWER Vancomycin
Glycopeptides adverse effects - ANSWER ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
prolonged QT
Glycopeptides side effects - ANSWER secondary infections
Glycopeptide nursing considerations - ANSWER Trough levels 1 hr before
next dose (normal is 10-20), draw toxicity levels!
Macrolides = - ANSWER Azithromycin
