Taylor Fundamentals End of Chapter NCLEX Questions & Answers

1. A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a loss of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition reflects which aspect of nursing? The art of nursing The science of nursing The caring aspect of nursing The holistic approach to nursing - ANSWERS1. b. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the science of nursing is considered the art of nursing. 2. Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of American nursing? Clara Barton Lillian Wald Lavinia Dock Florence Nightingal - ANSWERS2. d. Florence Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Lillian Wald is the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's rights activist instrumental in womens' right to vote. 3. In early civilizations, the theory of animism attempted to explain the mysterious changes occurring in bodily functions. Which statement describes a component of the development of nursing that occurred in this era? Women who committed crimes were recruited into nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences. Nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and their role in meeting those needs. Women called deaconesses made the first visits to the sick and male religious orders cared for the sick and buried the dead. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies. - ANSWERS3. d. The theory of animism was based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power. In this era, the nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. At the beginning of the 16th century the shortage of nurses led to the recruitment of women who had committed crimes to provide nursing care instead of going to jail. In the early Christian period, women called deaconesses made the first organized visits to sick people, and members of male religious orders gave nursing care and buried the dead. The influences of Florence Nightingale were apparent from the middle of the 19th century to the 20th century; one of her accomplishments was identifying the personal needs of the patient and the nurse's role in meeting those needs. 4. World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred during this period? The role of the nurse was broadened. There was a decreased emphasis on education. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings. There was an overabundance of nurses. - ANSWERS4. a. During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, which led to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology. This trend broadened the role of nurses to include practicing in a wide variety of health care settings. 5. Which phrase describes a purpose of the ANA's Nursing's Social Policy Statement? Select all that apply. To describe the nurse as a dependent caregiver To provide standards for nursing educational programs To define the scope of nursing practice To establish a knowledge base for nursing practice To describe nursing's social responsibility To regulate nursing research - ANSWERS5. c, d, e. The ANA Social Policy Statement (2010) describes the social context of nursing, a definition of nursing, the knowledge base for nursing practice, the scope of nursing practice, standards of professional nursing practice, and the regulation of professional nursing. 6. One of the four broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive. A nurse provides hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school. - ANSWERS6. a, b, c. Activities to restore health focus on the individual with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients how to administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients. Recommending a yoga class for stress reduction is a goal of preventing illness, and teaching a nutrition class is a goal of promoting health. A hospice care nurse helps to facilitate coping with disability and death. 7. Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on which defining criteria? Select all that apply. Well defined body of general knowledge Interventions dependent upon the medical practice Recognized authority by a professional group Regulation by the medical industry Code of ethics Ongoing research - ANSWERS7. c, e, f. Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation. 8. A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level? LPN ADN BSN MSN - ANSWERS8. d. A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses. Many master's graduates gain national certification in their specialty area, for example, as family nurse practitioners (FNPs) or nurse midwives. 9. Nurse practice acts are established in each state of the United States to regulate nursing practice. What is a commonelement of every state practice act? Defining the legal scope of nursing practice Providing continuing education programs Determining the content covered in the NCLEXexamination Creating institutional policies for health care practices - ANSWERS9. a. Nurse practice acts are established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing by defining the legal scope of nursing practice, creating a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The acts do not determine the content covered on the NCLEX, but they do have the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. The acts also may determine educational requirements for licensure, but do not provide the education. Institutional policies are created by the institutions themselves. 10. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century. What is a current health care trend contributing to these challenges? Decreased numbers of hospitalized patients Older and more acutely ill patients Decreasing health care costs due to managed care Slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology - ANSWERS10. b. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology. 1. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe a characteristic of the development of a personal value system? Select all that apply. People are born with values. Values act as standards to guide behavior. Values are ranked on a continuum of importance. Values influence beliefs about health and illness. Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct. Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - ANSWERS1. b, c, d. A value is a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, which acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. A person's values influence beliefs about human needs, health, and illness; the practice of health behaviors; and human responses to illness. Values guide the practice of nursing care. An individual is not born with values; rather, values are formed during a lifetime from information from the environment, family, and culture. 2. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His parents want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to deprive him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value transmission? Modeling Moralizing Laissez-faire Rewarding and punishing - ANSWERS2. d.When rewarding and punishing are used to transmit values, children are rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn what is of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Children whose caregivers use the moralizing mode of value transmission are taught a complete value system by parents or an institution (e.g., church or school) that allows little opportunity for them to weigh different values. Those who use the laissez-faire approach to value transmission leave children to explore values on their own (no single set of values is presented as best for all) and to develop a personal value system. 3. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a local college uses value clarification to help understand the values that motivate patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the process of values clarification? Select all that apply. A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer. A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds. A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related myocardial infarction. A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine. A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year. A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. - ANSWERS3. b, f. Prizing something one values involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation, such as losing weight or running a marathon. When choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative, such as quitting smoking and working fewer hours. Finally, the person who values something acts by combining choice into one's behavior with consistency and regularity on the value, such as joining a gym for the year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully. 4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values that epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice? Altruism Autonomy Human dignity Integrity - ANSWERS4. d. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing defines integrity as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the right to self-determination, and human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. 5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt to: Provide honest information to patients and the public Promote universal access to health care Plan care in partnership with patients Document care accurately and honestly - ANSWERS5. b. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing lists promoting universal access to health care as an example of social justice. Providing honest information and documenting care accurately and honestly are examples of integrity, and planning care in partnership with patients is an example of autonomy. 6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just aren't ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of moral development? "Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code." "I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the ethics are new!" "Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had." "I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like this!" - ANSWERS6. a. The ability to be ethical, to make decisions, and to act in an ethically justified manner begins in childhood and develops gradually. 7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in accordance with which of the principles of bioethics? Autonomy Beneficence Justice Fidelity Nonmaleficence - ANSWERS7. e. Nonmaleficence is defined as the obligation to prevent harm. Autonomy is respect for another's right to make decisions, beneficence obligates us to benefit the patient, justice obligates us to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep our promises.