NURS 611 Exam 4 Questions And Answers
What is GERD?
the reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach into the esophagus
what is a secondary condition that develops because of GERD?
esophagitis
what are causes of GERD?
- abnormalities in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function
- esophageal motility
- gastric motility or emptying
What are triggers for gastric reflux?
- spontaneous relaxation of the LES triggered by gastric distention after meals
- diet and lifestyle factors:
-- food intake that delays gastric emptying
--acid foods
--obesity
What increased intraabdominal pressures contribute to GERD and reflux esophagitis?
vomiting
coughing
lifting
bending
,pregnancy
what type of hernia contributes to reflux?
sliding hiatal hernia
what contributes to the severity of injury with GERD?
the high acidity (ph=2)
presence of bile salts
presence of pancreatic or intestinal enzymes
what are long term consequences of reflux?
premalignant lesions
--> adenocarcinoma
what happens to the esophageal tissue in the presence of chronic reflux?
- mucosal injury
- inflammation
- hyperemia
- increased capillary permiability
- edema
- tissue fragility
- errosion
hiatal hernia
characterized by a protrusion or bulging of an abdominal structure into the thoracic
, cavity
what causes a hiatal hernia?
weakening of the diaphragm muscle
what are the three types of hiatal hernia?
Type 1) sliding
Type 2) paraoesophageal
Type 3) mixed
what is a sliding hiatal hernia?
the proximal portion of the stomach moved into the thoracic cavid through the
esophageal hiatus
what is the esophageal hiatus?
opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus and the vagus nerves
What is the feature of the sliding hiatal hernia that earned it it's name?
laying in the supine position causes the lower esophagus and stomach to be pulled into
the thorax, as the pt stands, organs slide back into the abdomen
What accentuates a hiatal hernia?
increased resting abdominal pressure
- coughing
- bending
- tight clothing
- ascities
- obesity
What is GERD?
the reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach into the esophagus
what is a secondary condition that develops because of GERD?
esophagitis
what are causes of GERD?
- abnormalities in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function
- esophageal motility
- gastric motility or emptying
What are triggers for gastric reflux?
- spontaneous relaxation of the LES triggered by gastric distention after meals
- diet and lifestyle factors:
-- food intake that delays gastric emptying
--acid foods
--obesity
What increased intraabdominal pressures contribute to GERD and reflux esophagitis?
vomiting
coughing
lifting
bending
,pregnancy
what type of hernia contributes to reflux?
sliding hiatal hernia
what contributes to the severity of injury with GERD?
the high acidity (ph=2)
presence of bile salts
presence of pancreatic or intestinal enzymes
what are long term consequences of reflux?
premalignant lesions
--> adenocarcinoma
what happens to the esophageal tissue in the presence of chronic reflux?
- mucosal injury
- inflammation
- hyperemia
- increased capillary permiability
- edema
- tissue fragility
- errosion
hiatal hernia
characterized by a protrusion or bulging of an abdominal structure into the thoracic
, cavity
what causes a hiatal hernia?
weakening of the diaphragm muscle
what are the three types of hiatal hernia?
Type 1) sliding
Type 2) paraoesophageal
Type 3) mixed
what is a sliding hiatal hernia?
the proximal portion of the stomach moved into the thoracic cavid through the
esophageal hiatus
what is the esophageal hiatus?
opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus and the vagus nerves
What is the feature of the sliding hiatal hernia that earned it it's name?
laying in the supine position causes the lower esophagus and stomach to be pulled into
the thorax, as the pt stands, organs slide back into the abdomen
What accentuates a hiatal hernia?
increased resting abdominal pressure
- coughing
- bending
- tight clothing
- ascities
- obesity
