ECS2606
EXAM PACK
FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THIS MODULE +27 67 171 1739
,UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May/June 2024
ECS2606
Environmental Economics
75 Marks
𝟏𝟏
Duration: 2 Hours
𝟐𝟐
First Examiner: Dr I. Maloma
Second Examiner: Ms. L. Nesongozhe
CONFIDENTIAL
This paper consists of 4 pages.
Instructions:
1. Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to
type your answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for
submission. However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down
and scan them to a PDF file. Please write legibly.
2. Start with a cover page stating the module code, ECS2606, and your student
number.
3. Make sure that each question is clearly numbered.
4. While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply
copy information from any source. You need to answer the questions in your own
words. Plagiarism will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if detected.
5. Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa.
6. Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a ``secured’’ mode and
that it is NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus infected files
will also not be marked.
7. Submit your answers in one PDF document.
, Page 2 of 4 ECS2606
May/Jun 2024
ECS2606
Date: 16 May 2024
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE DAY OF ASSESSMENT:
Ensure you are connected to the internet in order to log into the YOUR EXAM QR CODE & EXAM ACCESS
Invigilator App and scan this QR code. CODE
If you encounter difficulty in scanning the QR code, you can
alternatively enter the Exam Access Code below the QR code
to start the invigilation.
If you finish your assessment before the app timer has run out
you need to press the ‘Finish Assessment’ button and follow
instructions before you exit or minimise the app.
Scan the QR code at the start time of the assessment, unless
otherwise specified by your institution, note that you can only
scan this QR code once.
The QR code is only scannable for a limited time and it
should therefore be scanned as soon as possible after the
assessment commencement time.
Keep the Invigilator App open on your smartphone for the full
duration of the assessment. You are not allowed to minimise or
leave the app during your assessment.
You must adhere to the assessment time limit communicated
to you by your institution. The timer displayed in the Invigilator
may vary depending on the start time of invigilation.
FURTHER GUIDANCE
If you only have one device you may access your assessment in the application by pressing the ‘Access Browser’
button in the top right corner of your app.
Once the QR code is scanned, ensure your media volume is turned up and place your smartphone next to you.
The Invigilator App will notify you with a notification beep when you are required to action a photo request,
which you should then perform as soon as possible.
We recommend that you keep your smartphone on charge for the duration of the assessment.
Ensure you are connected to the internet when commencing invigilation. You also need to be connected to the
internet at the end of the assessment in order to upload the app data.
If your assessment has multiple online sections, tests or attempts, you should NOT finish the invigilation until
your entire assessment has been completed.
Should you encounter any technical difficulty, please WhatsApp The Invigilator Helpdesk on +27 (0)73 505 8273
, Page 3 of 4 ECS2606
May/Jun 2024
Sec�on A (50 marks)
Answer ALL the Ques�ons
Ques�on 1
1.1 You want to clean up a lake where ten households live. Explain the problem of free riding given
that you want to charge each household the same amount for cleaning the lake. (10)
1.2 Explain what you understand by internalizing and externality. (5)
1.3 Explain the equimarginal principle and why it leads to minimum aggregate abatement costs (no
graph). (5)
1.4 What are externali�es? Describe posi�ve and nega�ve externali�es. (5)
Ques�on 2
Read the excerpt below and answer the ques�on that follows:
Africa has made significant strides in the growth of its solar energy industry in recent years, with the
con�nent seeing an increase of over 1.8W in new solar installa�ons, primarily led by Egypt, South
Africa, Kenya, Namibia, and Ghana. In order to simultaneously speed up energy access and support
sustainable economic growth, Africa’s renewable energy mix has increasingly switched away from
conven�onal hydropower and thermal facili�es to renewable
alterna�ves. htps://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-africa/
2.1 Explain and graphically illustrate how this technology will affect Africa’s marginal cost curve for
the supply of electricity. (10)
Read the excerpt below and answer the ques�on that follows:
Over 40 million litres of crude oil are spilled in the Niger Delta each year, killing people and harming
the ecosystem there in the process. Between 1976 and 2014, the oil-rich region experienced more
than 12,000 oil spill occurrences, according to a 2018 report by the Journal of Health and Pollu�on.
More than half of them were a result of tanker accidents and pipeline degrada�on.
htps://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-africa/
2.2 Discuss the different types of pollutants. Which type of pollutant is associated with the excerpt
above? (10)
EXAM PACK
FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THIS MODULE +27 67 171 1739
,UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May/June 2024
ECS2606
Environmental Economics
75 Marks
𝟏𝟏
Duration: 2 Hours
𝟐𝟐
First Examiner: Dr I. Maloma
Second Examiner: Ms. L. Nesongozhe
CONFIDENTIAL
This paper consists of 4 pages.
Instructions:
1. Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to
type your answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for
submission. However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down
and scan them to a PDF file. Please write legibly.
2. Start with a cover page stating the module code, ECS2606, and your student
number.
3. Make sure that each question is clearly numbered.
4. While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply
copy information from any source. You need to answer the questions in your own
words. Plagiarism will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if detected.
5. Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa.
6. Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a ``secured’’ mode and
that it is NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus infected files
will also not be marked.
7. Submit your answers in one PDF document.
, Page 2 of 4 ECS2606
May/Jun 2024
ECS2606
Date: 16 May 2024
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE DAY OF ASSESSMENT:
Ensure you are connected to the internet in order to log into the YOUR EXAM QR CODE & EXAM ACCESS
Invigilator App and scan this QR code. CODE
If you encounter difficulty in scanning the QR code, you can
alternatively enter the Exam Access Code below the QR code
to start the invigilation.
If you finish your assessment before the app timer has run out
you need to press the ‘Finish Assessment’ button and follow
instructions before you exit or minimise the app.
Scan the QR code at the start time of the assessment, unless
otherwise specified by your institution, note that you can only
scan this QR code once.
The QR code is only scannable for a limited time and it
should therefore be scanned as soon as possible after the
assessment commencement time.
Keep the Invigilator App open on your smartphone for the full
duration of the assessment. You are not allowed to minimise or
leave the app during your assessment.
You must adhere to the assessment time limit communicated
to you by your institution. The timer displayed in the Invigilator
may vary depending on the start time of invigilation.
FURTHER GUIDANCE
If you only have one device you may access your assessment in the application by pressing the ‘Access Browser’
button in the top right corner of your app.
Once the QR code is scanned, ensure your media volume is turned up and place your smartphone next to you.
The Invigilator App will notify you with a notification beep when you are required to action a photo request,
which you should then perform as soon as possible.
We recommend that you keep your smartphone on charge for the duration of the assessment.
Ensure you are connected to the internet when commencing invigilation. You also need to be connected to the
internet at the end of the assessment in order to upload the app data.
If your assessment has multiple online sections, tests or attempts, you should NOT finish the invigilation until
your entire assessment has been completed.
Should you encounter any technical difficulty, please WhatsApp The Invigilator Helpdesk on +27 (0)73 505 8273
, Page 3 of 4 ECS2606
May/Jun 2024
Sec�on A (50 marks)
Answer ALL the Ques�ons
Ques�on 1
1.1 You want to clean up a lake where ten households live. Explain the problem of free riding given
that you want to charge each household the same amount for cleaning the lake. (10)
1.2 Explain what you understand by internalizing and externality. (5)
1.3 Explain the equimarginal principle and why it leads to minimum aggregate abatement costs (no
graph). (5)
1.4 What are externali�es? Describe posi�ve and nega�ve externali�es. (5)
Ques�on 2
Read the excerpt below and answer the ques�on that follows:
Africa has made significant strides in the growth of its solar energy industry in recent years, with the
con�nent seeing an increase of over 1.8W in new solar installa�ons, primarily led by Egypt, South
Africa, Kenya, Namibia, and Ghana. In order to simultaneously speed up energy access and support
sustainable economic growth, Africa’s renewable energy mix has increasingly switched away from
conven�onal hydropower and thermal facili�es to renewable
alterna�ves. htps://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-africa/
2.1 Explain and graphically illustrate how this technology will affect Africa’s marginal cost curve for
the supply of electricity. (10)
Read the excerpt below and answer the ques�on that follows:
Over 40 million litres of crude oil are spilled in the Niger Delta each year, killing people and harming
the ecosystem there in the process. Between 1976 and 2014, the oil-rich region experienced more
than 12,000 oil spill occurrences, according to a 2018 report by the Journal of Health and Pollu�on.
More than half of them were a result of tanker accidents and pipeline degrada�on.
htps://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-africa/
2.2 Discuss the different types of pollutants. Which type of pollutant is associated with the excerpt
above? (10)
