HUBS1416 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
How does a space-occupying lesion increase ICP
CSF is forced out of the cranium, increase ICP, less blood flow to the brain, structures in
brain compressed, herniation of tissue
What are the signs of raised ICP
"Cushing's Triad"
- Deep, irregular respiration
- Widening pulse pressure
- bradycardia
What are the signs of a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere
Left side paralysis, difficult reasoning/problem solving
What are the signs of a stroke in the left cerebral hemisphere
paralysis on right side may affect speaking ability
What are the symptoms of a cerebellum stroke
loss of coordination ataxia, clumsiness and balance problems, trembling or other
muscular weaknesses including ability to walk, talk and eat
What are the symptoms of a brain stem stroke
life threatening can disrupt vital autonomic functions
,What are the 3 divisions of the brain
1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
What is the forebrain composed of
cerebrum thalamus hypothalamus
what is the midbrain composed of
tecotum and tegmentum
what is the hindbrain composed of
medulla, pons, cerebellum
what is the anatomy of the brainstem
-At base of the brain, connects the spinal cord to cerebrum
-Has 3 structures- Midbrain, pons & medulla)
what is the midbrain mesencephalon function of the brainstem
temperature regulation, vision, hearing, sleep/wake, arousal
what is the pons function of the brainstem
Arousal/level of alertness, controlled by reticular activating system, relays sensory info
between cerebrum and cerebellum
What is the medulla function of the brainstem
,Regulates basic survival functions - respiration, maintenance of BP, pulse, digestion &
swallowing
What is the structure of the cerebellum
Inferior to the cerebrum
What is the function of the cerebellum
- coordinates and controls voluntary movements
- Postural adjustments during movements
- Advance in planning rapid movements
- Learning of movement sequences
- Assists in the smooth, coordinated movement of the body
Anatomy of the cerebrum
- Largest portion of the brain
- Split into 4 lobes
4 lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Function of the frontal lobe of cerebrum
involved w/reasoning, fluency & construction of speech, movement, emotions,
personality and problem solving
Function of the parietal lobe of cerebrum
Associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli of touch and
proprioception
, What is the function of the occipital lobe in the cerebrum
Processing of visual stimuli
What is the function of the temporal lobe in the cerebrum
Perception & recognition of auditory stimuli, short term memory, language &
comprehension
What is the Limbic system
"emotional brain"
Responsible for emotional memory and learning, recognition of emotions, emotional
intelligence and linking the autonomic and endocrine responses to emotional states
What does the limbic system consist of
Cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus
What is the function of the Amygdala
Hub for fear and aggression
- Involved in emotional learning through association of a sensory experience with an
emotion-usually fear
- Allows recognition of fear in peoples facial expression
- Highly active when exposed to aversive stimuli
What is the result of a lesion to the Amygdala
- cannot express fear or recognize it in others
- unable to recognize and contemplate risky behaviour
- avoid eye contact in social interaction
What is the Hippocampus
How does a space-occupying lesion increase ICP
CSF is forced out of the cranium, increase ICP, less blood flow to the brain, structures in
brain compressed, herniation of tissue
What are the signs of raised ICP
"Cushing's Triad"
- Deep, irregular respiration
- Widening pulse pressure
- bradycardia
What are the signs of a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere
Left side paralysis, difficult reasoning/problem solving
What are the signs of a stroke in the left cerebral hemisphere
paralysis on right side may affect speaking ability
What are the symptoms of a cerebellum stroke
loss of coordination ataxia, clumsiness and balance problems, trembling or other
muscular weaknesses including ability to walk, talk and eat
What are the symptoms of a brain stem stroke
life threatening can disrupt vital autonomic functions
,What are the 3 divisions of the brain
1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
What is the forebrain composed of
cerebrum thalamus hypothalamus
what is the midbrain composed of
tecotum and tegmentum
what is the hindbrain composed of
medulla, pons, cerebellum
what is the anatomy of the brainstem
-At base of the brain, connects the spinal cord to cerebrum
-Has 3 structures- Midbrain, pons & medulla)
what is the midbrain mesencephalon function of the brainstem
temperature regulation, vision, hearing, sleep/wake, arousal
what is the pons function of the brainstem
Arousal/level of alertness, controlled by reticular activating system, relays sensory info
between cerebrum and cerebellum
What is the medulla function of the brainstem
,Regulates basic survival functions - respiration, maintenance of BP, pulse, digestion &
swallowing
What is the structure of the cerebellum
Inferior to the cerebrum
What is the function of the cerebellum
- coordinates and controls voluntary movements
- Postural adjustments during movements
- Advance in planning rapid movements
- Learning of movement sequences
- Assists in the smooth, coordinated movement of the body
Anatomy of the cerebrum
- Largest portion of the brain
- Split into 4 lobes
4 lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Function of the frontal lobe of cerebrum
involved w/reasoning, fluency & construction of speech, movement, emotions,
personality and problem solving
Function of the parietal lobe of cerebrum
Associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli of touch and
proprioception
, What is the function of the occipital lobe in the cerebrum
Processing of visual stimuli
What is the function of the temporal lobe in the cerebrum
Perception & recognition of auditory stimuli, short term memory, language &
comprehension
What is the Limbic system
"emotional brain"
Responsible for emotional memory and learning, recognition of emotions, emotional
intelligence and linking the autonomic and endocrine responses to emotional states
What does the limbic system consist of
Cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus
What is the function of the Amygdala
Hub for fear and aggression
- Involved in emotional learning through association of a sensory experience with an
emotion-usually fear
- Allows recognition of fear in peoples facial expression
- Highly active when exposed to aversive stimuli
What is the result of a lesion to the Amygdala
- cannot express fear or recognize it in others
- unable to recognize and contemplate risky behaviour
- avoid eye contact in social interaction
What is the Hippocampus
