CSET Social Science Subtest 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

CSET Social Science Subtest 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Evolutionary Theory - Answer-The state evolved from family. The head of the family is the government. Force Theory - Answer-Government was created when all the people of the area were bought under the authority of one (by force). Divine Right Theory - Answer-The state was created by god. The divine has chosen people to rule. Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbs - Answer-In a natural state, no government exists. People surrender the power to the state to maintain order. People do not have the right to break the agreement. Social Contract Theory: John Locke - Answer-People are naturally endowed with the right to life, liberty and property. They willingly contract power to government to protect these rights. People have the right to break this agreement. John Locke - Answer-Two treaties of Government: people need government to maintain social order and cannot live in groups without conflict. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 2/19 Abraham Lincoln - Answer-Government should do for the community whatever they need to promote general welfare - individuals could or would not do on their own. Governments purpose - Answer-Maintain social order, provide public services, provide national security, and control the economic system. Economic systems do the following... - Answer-1. What and how much should be produced, 2. How goods and services should be produced. 3. Who gets the goods and services that are produced. Capitalism - Answer-Freedom of choice and individual incentive. 1. Private ownership and control of property and economic resources. 2. Free enterprise 3. Competition among businesses 4. Freedom of choice 5. The possibility of profits Adam Smith (1776) - Answer-Buyers and sellers were free to make unlimited economic decisions in the marketplace. Free enterprise: decisions made by buyers and sellers Mixed Market Economies - Answer-Free enterprise but supported by government decisions in the marketplace - the structure that the U.S. has today. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 3/19 Socialism - Answer-Government owns the basic means of production, decides how to use resources, distributes products and wages, provides social services. 1. Distribution of wealth and economic opportunity equally among people 2. Society's control, through its government, of all major decisions about production 3. Public ownership of most land and factories Democratic Socialism - Answer-Works within the democratic system to improve economic conditions. Communism - Answer-No social classes, all property is held in common, and government is not necessary. Karl Marx () - Answer-Advocated violent revolution. Bourgeoisie (production) and workers (proletariat) would eventually collapse because smaller groups of capitalists would control all means of production. Command Economy - Answer-Decisions of the economy are made by upper levels of government and handed down to managers. Liberal - Answer-Government should promote health, education and justice. Curtail economic freedom to increase equality. Socially - no restrictions to most individual freedoms. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 4/19 Conservative - Answer-Limiting the role of government except in supporting traditional moral values. Private individuals should solve social problems. Free market with limits on government intervention. Moderates - Answer-Fall between liberals and conservatives. Libertarians - Answer-Support both economic and social freedoms. 6 principles of government - Answer-Popular sovereignty, Federalism, Separation of powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review, and Limited Government. Popular Sovereignty - Answer-Rule by the people - the authority of government comes from the people. Federalism - Answer-Power divided between the nation and state governments - each has their own agencies and officials and pass their own laws. Separation of Powers - Answer-3 branches. Legislative - Congress makes the laws. Executive - Carries out acts of congress. Judicial - Supreme court. Checks and Balances - Answer-Each branch holds some control over the other two. Pres - veto. Congress - Overturn veto by 2/3 vote. Courts - Rule on constitutionality of the laws created by congress. Pres - Appoints judges. Congress - Approves appointments. Judicial Review - Answer-Courts can declare laws and actions of government invalid if they violate the constitution. Constitution and the Supreme Court is the final authority. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 5/19 Limited Government - Answer-Constitution limits the powers of the government. The first 10 amendments make specific limits on areas of freedom. Functions of Political Parties - Answer-1. Recruiting candidates for public office. 2. Educating about issues. 3. Watching over party in power 4. Encouraging compromise and moderate government policy. Federalists and Democratic Republicans - Answer-Demo-Rep split into Democrats and Whigs. After civil war - Republicans and Democrats Caucuses - Answer-Private meeting of party leaders Nominating Conventions - Answer-Official public meeting to choose candidates for office Primary elections - Answer-Party members select people to run in the general election Petitions - Answer-Candidate is placed on the ballot if a certain