Neuropharmacology of the PNS Exam Questions and Answers | 100% correct

Neuropharmacology of the PNS Exam Questions and Answers | 100% correct Neuropharmacology of the PNS Exam Questions and Answers | 100% correct ________________________________________ 1. What is the primary therapeutic application of Methyldopa, and what makes it a preferred choice for managing hypertension in pregnant patients? A) Reduces heart rate; safe during pregnancy B) Lowers blood pressure; safe during pregnancy C) Increases blood volume; preferred for renal patients D) Enhances diuresis; causes fewer side effects Answer: B) Lowers blood pressure; safe during pregnancy________________________________________ 2. Clonidine lowers blood pressure because: A) It causes vasodilation B) It decreases heart rate C) It acts centrally to inhibit sympathetic outflow D) It enhances renin release Answer: C) It acts centrally to inhibit sympathetic outflow________________________________________ 3. What is the primary mechanism by which beta-1 blockers help manage dysrhythmias? A) Increase heart contractility B) Decrease heart rate and conduction velocity C) Promote vasodilation D) Enhance adrenergic receptor sensitivity Answer: B) Decrease heart rate and conduction velocity________________________________________ 4. What class of medication is Prazosin and what is one of its main therapeutic uses? A) Alpha-1 antagonist; hypertension B) Beta blocker; heart failure C) ACE inhibitor; renal protection D) Calcium channel blocker; angina Answer: A) Alpha-1 antagonist; hypertension________________________________________ 5. Most common adverse effect of beta blocker in the heart... A) Tachycardia B) Bradycardia C) Hypertension D) Arrhythmias Answer: B) Bradycardia________________________________________ 6. Dobutamine acts on the following receptors: A) Alpha-1 B) Beta-1 C) Beta-2 D) Muscarinic Answer: B) Beta-1________________________________________ 7. The sympathetic nervous system's primary effect on cardiac output is primarily? A) Vasodilation B) Increased heart rate and contractility C) Decreased stroke volume D) Increased diastolic pressure Answer: B) Increased heart rate and contractility________________________________________ 8. How do adrenergic drugs primarily influence the cardiovascular system during a fight-or-flight response? A) Increase heart rate and contractility B) Decrease peripheral resistance C) Lower blood glucose levels D) Promote diuresis Answer: A) Increase heart rate and contractility________________________________________ 9. Which statement accurately describes the roles of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons in neurotransmission? A) Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters; postsynaptic neurons receive them. B) Both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters. C) Presynaptic neurons only receive signals. D) Postsynaptic neurons only release signals. Answer: A) Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters; postsynaptic neurons receive them. ________________________________________ 10. What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in emotional situations? A) Decreases heart rate B) Enhances emotional stability C) Prepares the body for action D) Promotes relaxation Answer: C) Prepares the body for action________________________________________ 11. How do alpha 2 antagonists affect neurotransmitter release in the peripheral nervous system? A) Increase neurotransmitter release B) Decrease neurotransmitter release C) Have no effect D) Inhibit receptor binding Answer: A) Increase neurotransmitter release________________________________________ 12. What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system? A) Provide energy to neurons B) Facilitate communication between neurons C) Regulate blood flow D) Control muscle contraction Answer: B) Facilitate communication between neurons________________________________________ 13. Key steps involved in neurotransmission: A) Synthesis, release, binding, reuptake B) Production, storage, absorption, degradation C) Activation, inhibition, elimination, regeneration D) Binding, transport, amplification, elimination Answer: A) Synthesis, release, binding, reuptake________________________________________ 14. Which statement about peripheral nervous system (PNS) drugs is incorrect? A) They can enhance neurotransmission. B) They only act on adrenergic receptors. C) They can inhibit neurotransmission. D) They can mimic neurotransmitters. Answer: B) They only act on adrenergic receptors. ________________________________________ 15. One of the following statements is wrong about Dexmedetomidine: A) It is an alpha-2 agonist. B) It has sedative properties. C) It is primarily used for hypertension. D) It can cause bradycardia. Answer: C) It is primarily used for hypertension. ________________________________________ 16. What is the primary function of the detrusor muscle in the urinary bladder, and what role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in its activity? A) Contract to promote urination; stimulated by parasympathetic nervous system B) Relax to promote urination; inhibited by parasympathetic nervous system C) Control sphincter function; activated by sympathetic nervous system D) Provide structural support; independent of autonomic control Answer: A) Contract to promote urination; stimulated by parasympathetic nervous system________________________________________ 17. Which of the following is NOT a primary clinical application of epinephrine? A) Anaphylaxis B) Asthma C) Hypertension D) Cardiac arrest Answer: C) Hypertension________________________________________ 18. Which of the following describes a response of the eye to sympathetic stimulation? A) Constriction of the pupil B) Dilation of the pupil C) Increased tear production D) Accommodation for near vision Answer: B) Dilation of the pupil________________________________________ 19. What is the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? A) Synthesize neurotransmitters B) Degrade neurotransmitters C) Enhance neurotransmitter release D) Inhibit receptor activity Answer: B) Degrade neurotransmitters________________________________________ 20. What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier in pharmacology? A) It allows all substances to enter the brain. B) It protects the brain from pathogens and toxins. C) It enhances drug absorption. D) It facilitates neurotransmitter transport. Answer: B) It protects the brain from pathogens and toxins. ________________________________________ 21. Which of the following best describes the process of glycogenolysis and its relationship with the sympathetic nervous system? A) Breakdown of glycogen to glucose; increases energy availability during stress