Growth and Development Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions Graded A+

Growth and Development Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions Graded A+ Physical growth and development - Answers This follows a continuous and sequential process throughout lifespan Erikson - Answers a leading theorist in this field, identified stages of development that are built on a foundation of genetics Cognitive development - Answers knowledge and thinking processes; begins in infancy and continues throughout life Piaget - Answers a leading theorist in this field, believes understanding occurs in sudden leaps from early in life span until adolescence rather than in smooth, regular intervals Moral development - Answers influences decision-making, beliefs and expressions of faith; occurs during late childhood Kohlberg - Answers leading theorist in this field, links moral reasoning to socialization, rather than simply maturation Biological and hereditary factors - Answers relate to the internal working of the body and are directly linked to the individuals' age, body mass, gender, and genetic make-up Environmental factors - Answers environmental toxins and environmental exposure dramatically influence growth and development (as well as diet, nutrition and exercise) Social factors - Answers includes range of social, cultural, and economic circumstances shared by a set of individuals who often share similar occupational and educational levels Growth - Answers a continuous increase in physical size over time (weight, height, or length) Development - Answers the process of gradual, successive change that moves from simple to complex function and ability as individuals age Cephalocaudal - Answers Physical development from the head to the tail -Upper portion grows faster than lower portion Proximodestal - Answers From the center out -midline grows faster than the extremities Simple to complex - Answers Easy to hard examples: crawl--> walk --> run Mind - Answers what processes new information from environment and develops methods of thinking and using the information? -bad air quality -very populated areas -fetal alcohol syndrome -diet - Answers What kind of environmental factors might affect growth and development? -Single parent -violence -economic -developmental delays -substance abuse -cultural beliefs - Answers Name some social factors that affect growth and development? Psychosexual Stage - Answers having pleasures shifting from one body zone to another Gratification - Answers ________that is too much or too little results in becoming emotionally fixated at a particular stage Oedipus complex - Answers sexual desire of child toward the parent of the opposite sex (boy towards the mother) Anal Stage 1-3 Years - Answers Center of pleasure for organs of elimination Oral Stage Birth - 1 year - Answers Fixated on little details and mouth was the center of ALL pleasure Phallic Stage 3-6 Years - Answers conflicting feelings about genitals and masturbation is common Latency 6-12 Years - Answers Sexual urges are dormant, and peer relationships intensify and awakening of sexual attraction Electra Complex - Answers sexual desire of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex (girl toward the father) Genital Stage - Answers Stage when Puberty takes place Basic vs. Trust - Answers from birth to approximately 1 year is based on bonding between parents or caregivers and infants Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt - Answers Toddlers between 1 and 3 years begin working at autonomy or independence and a sense of self-control Initiative vs. guilt - Answers children from about 3-6 years are extremely curious and rarely approach life experiences with fear Industry vs. inferiority - Answers social integration, learning, and competency are extremely important to children 6-12 years Identity vs. role confusion - Answers unexpected, sometimes violent swings in emotion and concern about physical appearance and abilities often created tensions between adolescents 12-19 years Intimacy vs. isolation - Answers Find intimate companion, often have family, become established in the community. Ages 20-40 Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answers contribute to society through productive and useful living Ego integrity vs. despair - Answers review life's accomplishments. ages 60 + Prenatal-->infancy and adolescence --> adulthood - Answers What are the 2 periods of most rapid growth? Double their weight from birth - Answers How much weight should infants gain in the first 6 months Triple - Answers How much should weight be by 12 months? Prominent; shorter - Answers Skull and chest are ____________ and extremities are ____________. 60% of body length - Answers Trunk is the fastest growing portion of the body which accounts for __________________ 8 - Answers How many teeth should infants have by 1 year? 6-7 - Answers At how many months will an infant's teeth begin to erupt? At birth - Answers at what age does an infant have the same number of muscle fibers as adults? Greater - Answers Boys have ___________________ proportion of muscle tissue than girls Neck and head - Answers The greatest muscle development occurs where? gross motor skills - Answers large muscles Ex: holds head up. rolls over. faces - Answers what do infants prefer to look at ? human voices - Answers what do infants prefer to listen to? sweet - Answers Infants prefer things that taste what?