Matthew Lee
BTEC Level 3 National Foundation
Diploma in Sport
Unit 1 Assignment 1
Sports Leadership
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A Understand how personality, motivation and competitive pressure can affect sport
performance
,A1 Personality factors and assessment of personality
A2 Motivational factors
A3 Arousal – performance relationship theories under competitive pressure
A4 Stress, anxiety and sports performance under competitive pressure
A5 Self-confidence and sports performance under competitive pressure
A report on the different motivational factors that can be used by a coach via practical
application of personality tests which also details the effects of arousal, anxiety and
stress on sports performance and how self-confidence is important in the reduction of
anxiety levels.
B Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its effect on performance
B1 Group processes
B2 Cohesion in effective group performance
B3 Leadership in creating effective groups
B4 Impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and performance
B5 Measurement of the impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and
performance using sociograms A report on group development, leadership factors and
the impact they may have on teams at different levels of sport, including use of
sociograms.
C Explore psychological skills training programmes designed to improve performance
C1 Psychological skills
C2 Designing a psychological skills training programme A psychological skills training
programme that describes different psychological training techniques.
Unit 6 Sports Psychology
, Learning Aim B - Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its
effect on performance
4 stages of Group Development
Created by Bruce Tuckman in 1915
Stage 1 Forming
The individuals come together and get to initially know each other and form as a group.
As this is the beginning of group development you are allowed to assess strengths and
weaknesses of members and well as Begin to define roles e.g. leadership as well
getting to know the personality and characteristics of the person allowing to decide if
they belong within the group
Stage 2 Storming
Is the Chaotic period of conflict where individuals seek their roles and status within the
group. This is often when team members start to fight for status within the group. There
is intense inter-group competition, as group members fight for their position within the
team. There could be a possibility of a rebellion against the leader or resistance to the
way the group is being developed or the tactics they are adopting.
Stage 3 Norming
Team members begin to gravitate towards the norms of the group. Members come to
accept the common goals and values of the group. Members start to appreciate the
contributions of other members that can help the team to function successfully. The
group pulls together for the common effort, and the roles are established and become
stable. Resolve differences with one another. All problems are going to be solved,
decisions are going to be made. Team starts coming together and works towards the
main goal. When your team is going to start to socialise this creates relationships with
one another allowing the rapport building to occur.
Stage 4 Performing
This stage involves the team progressing and functioning effectively as a unit. They
group works without conflict towards achievement of shared goals. Overall, the group is
more motivated as the group is more knowledgeable and able to make its own
decisions and take responsibility for them. As new people join there will be a new period
of storming and norming as this person is either accepted or rejected.
, This is the application process as all goals are reached, objectives completed, and all
necessary work is completed. Leaders can focus individually and precisely on
objectives like developing new training plans and evaluating areas of improvement for
individuals within the team. Team more is established and high as all 3 stages
previously are completed. For example, as a football team is in the performing stage
they can demonstrate high levels of cohesion as they have developed a strong sense of
cohesion as players trust each other and communicate effectively during training and
matches. They work together autonomously, predicting each other’s moves and
supporting each other on the pitch.
Steiner’s model of group productivity
The model developed by Steinier demonstrates that the equal of this is actual
productivity as a result of potential productivity minus losses due to faulty processes.
Losses due to faulty processes refers to the issues that can get in the way of the team
performing efficiently, which restrict the optimum performance levels. These faulty
processes or losses are broken down into 2 distinct categories which are social loafing
and the Ringelmann effect. These are the 2 categories that could cause faulty
processes and affect the actual productivity. Social loafing is when some members of
the team do not put 100% effort and do not fully contribute for the overall benefit of the
group. Social loafing is known as motivation losses or lack of motivation. This is
because if sport performers are not motivated to try they will not conduct the necessary
actions to have an effective performance. Loafing will begin when players think that they
are never watched or valued by the team as well if there is a lack of incentive value
associated with the task, vague roles within the teams. Low trait confidence amongst
some players will find ways to protect their own self-esteem and self-confidence by
loafing. For example, a group rowing has several players who all have to work in unison
to travel efficiently. A person may put in less effort and self loaf as they believe their
effort will have very little impact or because they are afraid to be responsible for the
failure of the group.
However, the Ringelmann effect is known as coordination losses. Coordination losses
can be due to tactical or strategic weakness. The Ringelmann effect states as the group
size increases the individual effort levels drop in a group. This links to Steinier’s model
as individual effort drops due to coordination problems. This causes faulty or
dysfunctional or faulty behaviour as some members will not contribute as they feel lost
or incapable almost hiding behind team mates resulting in performance levels to
decrease. The Ringelmann effect will begin when there is a coordination loss or
technical losses as well as having an increased chance when teaching complex skills.
People may have a lack of clarity for the tasks needed to be performed as they may feel
that regardless of how much effort and hard work they put in it is not acknowledged by
BTEC Level 3 National Foundation
Diploma in Sport
Unit 1 Assignment 1
Sports Leadership
Stuvia – Please leave a 5-star
review!
Check out my other Stuvia documents.
A Understand how personality, motivation and competitive pressure can affect sport
performance
,A1 Personality factors and assessment of personality
A2 Motivational factors
A3 Arousal – performance relationship theories under competitive pressure
A4 Stress, anxiety and sports performance under competitive pressure
A5 Self-confidence and sports performance under competitive pressure
A report on the different motivational factors that can be used by a coach via practical
application of personality tests which also details the effects of arousal, anxiety and
stress on sports performance and how self-confidence is important in the reduction of
anxiety levels.
B Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its effect on performance
B1 Group processes
B2 Cohesion in effective group performance
B3 Leadership in creating effective groups
B4 Impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and performance
B5 Measurement of the impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and
performance using sociograms A report on group development, leadership factors and
the impact they may have on teams at different levels of sport, including use of
sociograms.
C Explore psychological skills training programmes designed to improve performance
C1 Psychological skills
C2 Designing a psychological skills training programme A psychological skills training
programme that describes different psychological training techniques.
Unit 6 Sports Psychology
, Learning Aim B - Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its
effect on performance
4 stages of Group Development
Created by Bruce Tuckman in 1915
Stage 1 Forming
The individuals come together and get to initially know each other and form as a group.
As this is the beginning of group development you are allowed to assess strengths and
weaknesses of members and well as Begin to define roles e.g. leadership as well
getting to know the personality and characteristics of the person allowing to decide if
they belong within the group
Stage 2 Storming
Is the Chaotic period of conflict where individuals seek their roles and status within the
group. This is often when team members start to fight for status within the group. There
is intense inter-group competition, as group members fight for their position within the
team. There could be a possibility of a rebellion against the leader or resistance to the
way the group is being developed or the tactics they are adopting.
Stage 3 Norming
Team members begin to gravitate towards the norms of the group. Members come to
accept the common goals and values of the group. Members start to appreciate the
contributions of other members that can help the team to function successfully. The
group pulls together for the common effort, and the roles are established and become
stable. Resolve differences with one another. All problems are going to be solved,
decisions are going to be made. Team starts coming together and works towards the
main goal. When your team is going to start to socialise this creates relationships with
one another allowing the rapport building to occur.
Stage 4 Performing
This stage involves the team progressing and functioning effectively as a unit. They
group works without conflict towards achievement of shared goals. Overall, the group is
more motivated as the group is more knowledgeable and able to make its own
decisions and take responsibility for them. As new people join there will be a new period
of storming and norming as this person is either accepted or rejected.
, This is the application process as all goals are reached, objectives completed, and all
necessary work is completed. Leaders can focus individually and precisely on
objectives like developing new training plans and evaluating areas of improvement for
individuals within the team. Team more is established and high as all 3 stages
previously are completed. For example, as a football team is in the performing stage
they can demonstrate high levels of cohesion as they have developed a strong sense of
cohesion as players trust each other and communicate effectively during training and
matches. They work together autonomously, predicting each other’s moves and
supporting each other on the pitch.
Steiner’s model of group productivity
The model developed by Steinier demonstrates that the equal of this is actual
productivity as a result of potential productivity minus losses due to faulty processes.
Losses due to faulty processes refers to the issues that can get in the way of the team
performing efficiently, which restrict the optimum performance levels. These faulty
processes or losses are broken down into 2 distinct categories which are social loafing
and the Ringelmann effect. These are the 2 categories that could cause faulty
processes and affect the actual productivity. Social loafing is when some members of
the team do not put 100% effort and do not fully contribute for the overall benefit of the
group. Social loafing is known as motivation losses or lack of motivation. This is
because if sport performers are not motivated to try they will not conduct the necessary
actions to have an effective performance. Loafing will begin when players think that they
are never watched or valued by the team as well if there is a lack of incentive value
associated with the task, vague roles within the teams. Low trait confidence amongst
some players will find ways to protect their own self-esteem and self-confidence by
loafing. For example, a group rowing has several players who all have to work in unison
to travel efficiently. A person may put in less effort and self loaf as they believe their
effort will have very little impact or because they are afraid to be responsible for the
failure of the group.
However, the Ringelmann effect is known as coordination losses. Coordination losses
can be due to tactical or strategic weakness. The Ringelmann effect states as the group
size increases the individual effort levels drop in a group. This links to Steinier’s model
as individual effort drops due to coordination problems. This causes faulty or
dysfunctional or faulty behaviour as some members will not contribute as they feel lost
or incapable almost hiding behind team mates resulting in performance levels to
decrease. The Ringelmann effect will begin when there is a coordination loss or
technical losses as well as having an increased chance when teaching complex skills.
People may have a lack of clarity for the tasks needed to be performed as they may feel
that regardless of how much effort and hard work they put in it is not acknowledged by
