Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with Verified Answers Graded A+
Molecules composed of only the ele-
What are hydrocarbons?
ments carbon and hydrogen
What are the two major classes of hydro- Aromatic (benzene) and aliphatic (alka-
carbons? nes, alkenes, alkynes)
What is the main source of hydrocar- Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and nat-
bons? ural gas obtained by mining and drilling.
They are saturated hydrocarbons be-
What are Alkanes? cause their skeleton is only composed of
C-C single bonds.
They can be linear, branched or exist in
How can alkanes exist?
ring formations called cycloalkanes.
Describe a higher/more complex alkane They will have more carbons and/or in-
structure: creased structural diversity.
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula of Alkanes?
The number of carbons present.
The names of the alkanes reflect?
1,1,1,2,3,5,9,18,35,75
How many isomers does each alkane
have from 1-10
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pen-
Name the first ten prefix of alkanes: tane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane,
decane.
As the molecular weight increases: The number of isomers increase.
Denotes a saturated hydrocarbon. It is
What does the suffix -ane mean?
used for all acyclic saturated alkanes
, Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with Verified Answers Graded A+
The naming of a molecular structure.
What is nomenclature? Historically they were named after their
source, now they are systemic.
Because we cannot remember all the
prefixes since a MF composed of car-
Why is nomenclature important?
bons can have several different patterns
of connectivity.
There are now methods of naming mole-
What is it meant by the systemic ap- cules so that they all have unique names.
proach? You can then determine the structure
from only the name and vice-versa.
1. Find the parent name by identifying the
longest continuous chain of carbons.
2. Number the parent chain. (begin at
the end of the chain nearest to the first
branch.)
3. If there are two equally long contin-
uous chains, select the one with most
IUPAC rules for naming branced alka-
branches.
nes:
4. If the first branch point is the same
distance, choose the one that gives the
lowest substituents.
5. If the substituents are both equidistant
then choose the numbering so the sub-
stituent goes with the higher alphabetic
priority.
By combining the prefix indicating the
How are linear alkanes named?
number to the suffix -ane.
What is a substituent? Any group attached to the parent chain.
Saturated hydrocarbon substituents. You
drop the -yl for -ane.
What are alkyl groups?
A one carbon substituent is a methyl
group, four carbon is butyl.
A number used to determine the suffix.
What is a locant?
Describes the position of substituents.
, Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with Verified Answers Graded A+
What happens when two or more of the
Additional prefixes including the number
same type of substituents are present on
are added.
the parent chain? Like 3 methyl groups
It is a 5 carbon chain, then it has sub-
How would you describe finding 2,3 di-
stituents on numbers 2, 3 and those are
methylpentane?
methyl groups.
How are IUPAC systematic names put
Locant-(prefix) substituentparent
together?
If two or more different substituents are
They are listed alphabetically. Ethyl be-
present on the parent chain then what
fore methyl
happens?
How are halogen atoms as substituents Change the -ine to -o, chlorine=chloro,
named? bromine=bromo.
CH3CH2CH2
propyl or n-propyl
CH3CHCH3
isopropyl
What does the squiggle bond mean? Point of attachment to the parent chain.
-CH2CH2CH2CH3
Butyl or n-butyl
sec-butyl CH3CHCH2CH3
Molecules composed of only the ele-
What are hydrocarbons?
ments carbon and hydrogen
What are the two major classes of hydro- Aromatic (benzene) and aliphatic (alka-
carbons? nes, alkenes, alkynes)
What is the main source of hydrocar- Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and nat-
bons? ural gas obtained by mining and drilling.
They are saturated hydrocarbons be-
What are Alkanes? cause their skeleton is only composed of
C-C single bonds.
They can be linear, branched or exist in
How can alkanes exist?
ring formations called cycloalkanes.
Describe a higher/more complex alkane They will have more carbons and/or in-
structure: creased structural diversity.
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula of Alkanes?
The number of carbons present.
The names of the alkanes reflect?
1,1,1,2,3,5,9,18,35,75
How many isomers does each alkane
have from 1-10
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pen-
Name the first ten prefix of alkanes: tane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane,
decane.
As the molecular weight increases: The number of isomers increase.
Denotes a saturated hydrocarbon. It is
What does the suffix -ane mean?
used for all acyclic saturated alkanes
, Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with Verified Answers Graded A+
The naming of a molecular structure.
What is nomenclature? Historically they were named after their
source, now they are systemic.
Because we cannot remember all the
prefixes since a MF composed of car-
Why is nomenclature important?
bons can have several different patterns
of connectivity.
There are now methods of naming mole-
What is it meant by the systemic ap- cules so that they all have unique names.
proach? You can then determine the structure
from only the name and vice-versa.
1. Find the parent name by identifying the
longest continuous chain of carbons.
2. Number the parent chain. (begin at
the end of the chain nearest to the first
branch.)
3. If there are two equally long contin-
uous chains, select the one with most
IUPAC rules for naming branced alka-
branches.
nes:
4. If the first branch point is the same
distance, choose the one that gives the
lowest substituents.
5. If the substituents are both equidistant
then choose the numbering so the sub-
stituent goes with the higher alphabetic
priority.
By combining the prefix indicating the
How are linear alkanes named?
number to the suffix -ane.
What is a substituent? Any group attached to the parent chain.
Saturated hydrocarbon substituents. You
drop the -yl for -ane.
What are alkyl groups?
A one carbon substituent is a methyl
group, four carbon is butyl.
A number used to determine the suffix.
What is a locant?
Describes the position of substituents.
, Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with Verified Answers Graded A+
What happens when two or more of the
Additional prefixes including the number
same type of substituents are present on
are added.
the parent chain? Like 3 methyl groups
It is a 5 carbon chain, then it has sub-
How would you describe finding 2,3 di-
stituents on numbers 2, 3 and those are
methylpentane?
methyl groups.
How are IUPAC systematic names put
Locant-(prefix) substituentparent
together?
If two or more different substituents are
They are listed alphabetically. Ethyl be-
present on the parent chain then what
fore methyl
happens?
How are halogen atoms as substituents Change the -ine to -o, chlorine=chloro,
named? bromine=bromo.
CH3CH2CH2
propyl or n-propyl
CH3CHCH3
isopropyl
What does the squiggle bond mean? Point of attachment to the parent chain.
-CH2CH2CH2CH3
Butyl or n-butyl
sec-butyl CH3CHCH2CH3
