Oral Bio II Final Exam

On the Harvard Healthy Eating Plate tool, which food group is represented in the largest quantity? A. Protein B. Grains C. Fruit D. Non-starchy vegetables D. Non-starchy vegetables Which vitamin is not a fat-soluble vitamin? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin E C. Vitamin B12 Stores of which vitamin would become depleted most rapidly if not consumed regularly? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin K C. Vitamin C Your patient informs you that they are following a vegetarian diet. Which two foods could you pair together to make a complete protein? A. Rice + corn B. Broccoli + tomatoes C. Black beans + onions D. Red beans + rice D. Red beans + rice Coconut oil is an example of what type of fat? A. Monounsaturated B. Trans C. Saturated D. Polyunsaturated C. Saturated What are the three steps when chopping food to ensure safe preparation and even pieces? A. Mince, Dice, Chop B. Slabs, sticks cubes C. Peel, cut, slice D. Chop, slice, cube B. Slabs, sticks cubes What foods are major sources of vitamin C? A. Chicken B. Carrots C. Citrus Fruits D. Milk C. Citrus Fruits The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advises to limit added sugar intake to what? A. 3 teaspoons per day B. Zero grams of added sugar per day C. No limit for added sugar intake D. <10% of daily calories from added sugar per day D. <10% of daily calories from added sugar per day Which nutrient deficiency is not linked to increased risk of cleft palate/cleft lip? A. Protein B. Folic Acid C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin D D. Vitamin D Key considerations in nutrition and oral health in the elderly population include all except. A. Decreased ability to digest + absorb nutrients B. Decreased tolerance for hot and cold foods / beverages C. Decreased salivary flow D. Decreased taste + smell B. Decreased tolerance for hot and cold foods / beverages Which factor does not contribute to the development of caries? A. plaque bacteria B. frequency of intake of carbohydrates C. having adequate vegetable intake D. intake of fermentable carbohydrates C. having adequate vegetable intake What is a dietary recommendation for reducing risk for periodontal disease? A. Follow a balanced diet, recommended by US dietary guidelines B. Take a vitamin C supplement C. Follow a low carbohydrate diet D. Limit polyunsaturated fats A. Follow a balanced diet, recommended by US dietary guidelines You notice your patient has angular, red cracks in the corner of their mouth. What nutrient comes to mind as possibly deficient? A. Calcium B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin K D. Niacin D. Niacin What are the physical signs of glossitis? A. White patches under the tongue B. Cracked lips C. Red beefy tongue D. Bleeding gums C. Red beefy tongue What specific food is considered cariostatic/non-cariogenic? A. Cheese B. Bread C. Milk D. Sugar A. Cheese Which nutrients help to maintain a healthy periodontium by regulating inflammation? A. Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics B. Calcium, vitamin C, zinc C. Fiber, vitamin C, vitamin D D. Zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber D. Zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber For a low blood sugar, how do patients living with diabetes correct this hypoglycemia? A. Take 15g of simple sugar/CHO B. Eat a meal C. Drink a large sugary beverage D. Take insulin A. Take 15g of simple sugar/CHO Here are two statements: 1) Nutrition has direct local and systemic effects on periodontal disease 2) Nutrition plays a role in immunity. Choose the best answer. A. Both statements are false B. Both statements are true C. The first statement is true and the second is false D. The first statement is false and the second is true D. The first statement is false and the second is true To reduce sodium consumption (a risk factor for some individuals with hypertension), which could be the most important dietary change? A. Decrease intake of processed, packaged, and canned food B. Decrease intake of fresh meat and fish C. Increase fresh fruits and vegetables D. Increase herbs and spices for seasoning A. Decrease intake of processed, packaged, and canned food Which of the following statements are correct: A. Significant adult skeleton mass accrues in adolescence B. Male and female adolescents' growth spurts occurs at the same age C. Adolescent females are more likely to consume a healthy diet than adolescent males D. Adolescent females' intake in calcium is higher as they eat more ice cream than males A. Significant adult skeleton mass accrues in adolescence When considering a patient at risk for osteoporosis, it is important to remember that fluoride strengthens and remineralizes enamel. Which of the other micronutrients below remineralize the enamel? A. Magnesium B. Copper C. Zinc D. Calcium D. Calcium Which of the following is typically observed in eating disorders. A. Dental carries B. Gingival recession C. Enamel damage D. A and C D. A and C When treating a patient battling cancer with evidence of mucositis, which dietary recommendations are key to help manage this side effect? A. Avoid acidic, spicy and salty foods B. Swish with lemon water to help improve salivation C. Snack on crackers between meals if appetite is poor D. Avoid sticky and sugary foods A. Avoid acidic, spicy and salty foods How does malnutrition due to starvation differ from stress. Choose the correct answer: A. Metabolic demand is higher in stress B. Urine nitrogen loss is lower in stress C. Stress is associated with rapid weight loss D. A and C D. A and C Which of the following could be a barrier to change? A. Lack of nutrition knowledge B. Depression C. Lack of time / busy schedule D. All of the above D. All of the above Key screening questions for cancer patients include all except? A. Supplement use B. Weight loss C. Darkening of skin around the neck D. Xerostomia C. Darkening of skin around the neck A pediatric patient with a BMI at the 77th percentile-for-age is considered ______. A. Underweight B. Healthy weight C. Overweight D. Obese B. Healthy weight You notice your patient has several chipped teeth, and they report no significant oral trauma. What should you do next? A. Panic B. Nothing, now that their teeth are brittle there is nothing you can do. C. Perform dietary assessment to determine whether the diet is lacking in key nutrients, leading to brittle teeth and if so, suggest foods they should add to their diet and consider referral to a Registered Dietitian D. Advised eating a diet comprised of only soft / mashed foods and liquids to prevent further chipping C. Perform dietary assessment to determine whether the diet is lacking in key nutrients, leading to brittle teeth and if so, suggest foods they should add to their diet and consider referral to a Registered Dietitian What is an eating pattern associated with increased risk of caries? A. Frequent, prolonged intake of simple carbohydrates B. Eating sticky, sugary foods in between meals C. Sipping sugary beverages between meals D. All of the above D. All of the above When counseling a patient about diet, you should A. Consider the age and mental capacity of the patient and consider including their caregiver in the discussion B. Don't do it. This is the job of the RD. C. Use a directive style of communication as this is the best way to ensure the patient follows your instruction. D. Use your own experiences to infer what barriers the patient is facing. A. Consider the age and mental capacity of the patient and consider including their caregiver in the discussion You and your patient have discussed their increase in caries. Which of the following would be a SMART goal for them? A. Reduce soda intake to one soda, one time per week, on Saturdays B. No juice or other sugary drinks C. Go for a 15 minute walk every morning, starting tomorrow D. Decrease juice consumption A. Reduce soda intake to one soda, one time per week, on Saturdays What is the purpose of differential diagnosis when the patient has discolored teeth? a. For effective risk assessment and treatment planning b. To do root canal treatment c. To pick what color composite to use d. Do teeth whitening a. For effective risk assessment and treatment planning If tetracycline is used during __(1)__ stage of tooth development, it becomes __(2)__ bound to calcified tooth structures. a. (1) Maturation, (2) Irreversibly b. (1) Calcification, (2) Irreversibly c. (1) Maturation, (2) Reversibly d. (1) Calcification, (2) Reversibly b. (1) Calcification, (2) Irreversibly A patient presents with abnormal pigmentation of the skin, sclera, nails, conjunctiva and green/gray or blue gray discoloration of teeth. What of the following antibiotics & dosages might have caused these symptoms? a. Ciprofloxacin >10-40 mg/kg/day b. Minocycline >100 mg dose daily c. Ciprofloxacin <10-40 mg/kg/day d. Minocycline <100 mg dose daily b. Minocycline >100 mg dose daily Which of the following patients would be least likely to experience tooth erosion? a. Patient with Bulimia Nervosa b. Patient that drinks 8 Coke's a day c. Patient that drinks wine on a regular basis d. Patient that drinks fluoridated tap water d. Patient that drinks fluoridated tap water