Chapter 5: Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology
What is the difference between gross human anatomy and microscopic human anatomy? - ANS
Gross human anatomy deals with the large structures of the human body that are seen through
dissection. Microscopic human anatomy deals with the small structures that can only be seen
with a microscope.
What is the relationship between human anatomy and physiology? - ANS Structure (anatomy)
and function (physiology) are closely related; the function of an organ depends on how it is put
together.
What are the six levels of organization of the body? - ANS Chemical level, cells, tissues,
organs, body systems, and total organism.
What are the four main types of tissue found in the body? - ANS Epithelial, connective, muscle,
and nervous tissue.
What makes up an organ? List examples of organs. - ANS Two or more tissue types make up
an organ.
Examples of organs include the skin, heart, ear, stomach, and liver.
What makes up a body system? List examples of body systems. - ANS A body system is made
up of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions.
Examples of body systems include the nervous system, digestive system, and respiratory
system.
What makes up a total human organism? - ANS Several systems that work together to maintain
life.
What is the function of the following systems?
a. Integumentary: - ANS a. Integumentary: Protects underlying tissues from injury, protects
against water loss, contains sense receptors, helps in temperature regulation, and synthesizes
chemicals to be used in other parts of the body.
What is the function of the following systems?
b. Skeletal: - ANS b. Skeletal: Forms the framework of the body, protects underlying organs,
serves as attachment for muscles, acts with muscles to produce movement, provides calcium
storage.
, What is the function of the following systems?
c. Muscular: - ANS c. Muscular: Produces movement, maintains posture, stores energy, serves
as the primary source of heat for the body.
What is homeostasis? Why is it important to the body? - ANS Homeostasis is a normal stable
condition in which the body's internal environment remains the same.
If the body is not in homeostasis, the result is illness or death.
How does the body maintain normal blood pressure using a negative feedback mechanism? -
ANS When blood pressure decreases or increases, body sensors detect the deviation and
initiate changes that bring the pressure back within the normal range.
Describe the body in anatomic position. - ANS The body is standing erect, the face is forward,
the arms are at the sides, and the palms and toes are directed forward.
Define the following body directions and provide an example of each: - ANS a. Superior: Above
another part.
Define the following planes and sections of the body:
a. Sagittal plane: - ANS a. Sagittal plane: A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and
left portions.
What is the function of the following systems?
d. Nervous: - ANS d. Nervous: Coordinates body activities, allows body parts to communicate
with each other and with the outside environment.
What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity? - ANS Cranial cavity and spinal cavity.
What is the function of the following systems?
e. Endocrine: - ANS e. Endocrine: Secretes hormones that regulate cellular activities, which in
turn coordinate and regulate body activities.
What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity? - ANS Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic
cavity.
What is the function of the following systems?
f. Cardiovascular: - ANS f. Cardiovascular: Transports nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to the
tissues and removes waste products; also defends body against disease (white blood cells).
Physiology
What is the difference between gross human anatomy and microscopic human anatomy? - ANS
Gross human anatomy deals with the large structures of the human body that are seen through
dissection. Microscopic human anatomy deals with the small structures that can only be seen
with a microscope.
What is the relationship between human anatomy and physiology? - ANS Structure (anatomy)
and function (physiology) are closely related; the function of an organ depends on how it is put
together.
What are the six levels of organization of the body? - ANS Chemical level, cells, tissues,
organs, body systems, and total organism.
What are the four main types of tissue found in the body? - ANS Epithelial, connective, muscle,
and nervous tissue.
What makes up an organ? List examples of organs. - ANS Two or more tissue types make up
an organ.
Examples of organs include the skin, heart, ear, stomach, and liver.
What makes up a body system? List examples of body systems. - ANS A body system is made
up of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions.
Examples of body systems include the nervous system, digestive system, and respiratory
system.
What makes up a total human organism? - ANS Several systems that work together to maintain
life.
What is the function of the following systems?
a. Integumentary: - ANS a. Integumentary: Protects underlying tissues from injury, protects
against water loss, contains sense receptors, helps in temperature regulation, and synthesizes
chemicals to be used in other parts of the body.
What is the function of the following systems?
b. Skeletal: - ANS b. Skeletal: Forms the framework of the body, protects underlying organs,
serves as attachment for muscles, acts with muscles to produce movement, provides calcium
storage.
, What is the function of the following systems?
c. Muscular: - ANS c. Muscular: Produces movement, maintains posture, stores energy, serves
as the primary source of heat for the body.
What is homeostasis? Why is it important to the body? - ANS Homeostasis is a normal stable
condition in which the body's internal environment remains the same.
If the body is not in homeostasis, the result is illness or death.
How does the body maintain normal blood pressure using a negative feedback mechanism? -
ANS When blood pressure decreases or increases, body sensors detect the deviation and
initiate changes that bring the pressure back within the normal range.
Describe the body in anatomic position. - ANS The body is standing erect, the face is forward,
the arms are at the sides, and the palms and toes are directed forward.
Define the following body directions and provide an example of each: - ANS a. Superior: Above
another part.
Define the following planes and sections of the body:
a. Sagittal plane: - ANS a. Sagittal plane: A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and
left portions.
What is the function of the following systems?
d. Nervous: - ANS d. Nervous: Coordinates body activities, allows body parts to communicate
with each other and with the outside environment.
What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity? - ANS Cranial cavity and spinal cavity.
What is the function of the following systems?
e. Endocrine: - ANS e. Endocrine: Secretes hormones that regulate cellular activities, which in
turn coordinate and regulate body activities.
What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity? - ANS Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic
cavity.
What is the function of the following systems?
f. Cardiovascular: - ANS f. Cardiovascular: Transports nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to the
tissues and removes waste products; also defends body against disease (white blood cells).
