NURS 8022 Exam 2 (Studyguide transformed into flashcards) Qs&As A+ Review

NURS 8022 Exam 2 (Studyguide transformed into flashcards) Qs&As A+ Review Hematopoiesis -Process of blood cell production in adult bone marrow or the liver and/or spleen of the fetus Two stages ▪ Mitosis (proliferation) ▪ Maturation (differentiation) Primary site of hematopoietic stem cells -Bone marrow ("myeloid tissue") Difference between red and yellow bone marrow -Red marrow produces RBCs, yellow marrow does not produce RBCs Active bone marrow sites -pelvic bones vertebrae cranium mandible sternum ribs humerus femur Factors that increase hematopoiesis -(1) conversion of yellow bone marrow, which does not produce blood cells, to hematopoietic red marrow by the actions of erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production) (2) faster differentiation of progenitor cells (3) faster proliferation of stem cells into progenitor cells Erythropoiesis -production of RBCs Sequence of erythropoiesis -Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell --> committed Proerythroblast/Pronormoblast --> Erythroblast/Normoblast (Hgb synthesis begins) --> Reticulocyte (nucleus is lost; 3 days spent in bone marrow, about 1 day in blood) --> Erythrocyte ** aprox. 1% of RBCs are reticulocytes ** In each step the quantity of hemoglobin increases and the nucleus decreases in size Erythropoietin -A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow Always present in plasma Released in response to low renal oxygenation - NOT the # of RBCs but rather oxygen delivery - e RBC production increases within 24 hours; life span 4-12 hours; increased RBC # in 5 days - Given to dialysis and chemo patients Reticulocytes -▪ Last immature form of erythroblast ▪ Contains polyribosomes (globin synthesis) and mitochondria (heme synthesis)... Continues...