Summary EDEXCEL ALEVEL CHEMISTRY NOTES: MOLES

,
, 5 -



formulae, Equations and Amounts substances
of

Ionic Equations

· When an ionic substance dissolves in water

o some long remain dissolved in waver in the reaction:spectator ions



be used find outthe ratio which acids without
react
· lonic equations can to


writing any equation



e.s. CaCIraq) H2SO4/ag) +


dCaSOp/s) +2HClraa)
Caraa) 2c-raq) + +
2Hraa so,"lag)
+


CaSO,/s) 2H raal+zci-rag
+




Caraa) SO-lag) CaSO4/s



Calculatins Moles

maSS
MoleS =
Mr




o balanced chemical equations can be used to calculate reacting masses



Limiting Reasenus

· Calculate no. ofmoles ofeach reagent

· Use equation to find mole ratio to find which reagentis limiting and

which is in excess



.



.
feild and Atom Econome

mass of productobtained
100
-
·. Yeild=
maximum theoretical yeild


molar mass ofwanted product from equation
Atom Economy =
total
↓100
molar mass products
of from equation



Ideal Gas Equation



P=
PV nRT Pressure Pa kPa Pa



6<more
in
=

x1000 =




↓ Volume mi


e
in


ma 1000000
x Pa
=




n no. ofmoles
= :1,000,000

R 8.31/mol" k-1
=

oc -k +
=
273

Temperature
T: in 1



Solution Calculations Gas Calculations

moles:
concentration volume ~ rom -
n = =


/moldm-3 10m3 sir rdm* mol- 24

ger at TP 24dm3mol"
=