Honors Biology EOC Practice Questions
with Verified Solutions
How do transport proteins assist in moving molecules across the cell membrane?
✔✔ Transport proteins facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane by
providing specific pathways for substances to enter or exit the cell.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
✔✔ The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or
delivery to other organelles.
How do the two stages of photosynthesis contribute to the process?
✔✔ The light-dependent reactions capture light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use these molecules to synthesize glucose.
What is the function of lysosomes in cellular digestion?
✔✔ Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
How does the fluid mosaic model describe the cell membrane?
1
,✔✔ The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with various
proteins and lipids that move fluidly within the bilayer.
What is the role of centrioles in cell division?
✔✔ Centrioles help organize microtubules and spindle fibers during cell division, ensuring
accurate chromosome separation.
How does the concept of genetic drift differ from natural selection?
✔✔ Genetic drift involves random changes in allele frequencies within a population, while
natural selection favors traits that improve an organism's fitness.
What is the significance of the Punnett square in genetics?
✔✔ The Punnett square is used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits
based on parental genotypes.
How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and
hydrophobic tails facing inward, forming a barrier.
2
, What is the purpose of cellular respiration in organisms?
✔✔ Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water,
providing energy for cellular activities.
How do cells use the process of osmosis?
✔✔ Cells use osmosis to regulate the flow of water across their membrane, maintaining internal
balance.
What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?
✔✔ Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the
form of glucose.
How does the structure of the cell membrane support its function?
✔✔ The cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins allow selective
permeability, controlling what enters and exits the cell.
What is the significance of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
✔✔ The Krebs cycle produces high-energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) that are used in the
electron transport chain to generate ATP.
3
with Verified Solutions
How do transport proteins assist in moving molecules across the cell membrane?
✔✔ Transport proteins facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane by
providing specific pathways for substances to enter or exit the cell.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
✔✔ The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or
delivery to other organelles.
How do the two stages of photosynthesis contribute to the process?
✔✔ The light-dependent reactions capture light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use these molecules to synthesize glucose.
What is the function of lysosomes in cellular digestion?
✔✔ Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
How does the fluid mosaic model describe the cell membrane?
1
,✔✔ The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with various
proteins and lipids that move fluidly within the bilayer.
What is the role of centrioles in cell division?
✔✔ Centrioles help organize microtubules and spindle fibers during cell division, ensuring
accurate chromosome separation.
How does the concept of genetic drift differ from natural selection?
✔✔ Genetic drift involves random changes in allele frequencies within a population, while
natural selection favors traits that improve an organism's fitness.
What is the significance of the Punnett square in genetics?
✔✔ The Punnett square is used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits
based on parental genotypes.
How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and
hydrophobic tails facing inward, forming a barrier.
2
, What is the purpose of cellular respiration in organisms?
✔✔ Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water,
providing energy for cellular activities.
How do cells use the process of osmosis?
✔✔ Cells use osmosis to regulate the flow of water across their membrane, maintaining internal
balance.
What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?
✔✔ Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the
form of glucose.
How does the structure of the cell membrane support its function?
✔✔ The cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins allow selective
permeability, controlling what enters and exits the cell.
What is the significance of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
✔✔ The Krebs cycle produces high-energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) that are used in the
electron transport chain to generate ATP.
3
