MIP302 Final Exam Study Guide

MIP302 Final Exam Study Guide chemotherapeutic agents - Answer️️ -chemicals administered internally to the host for the control of microbial infections; used to control fungal, protozoal, and bacterial infections Bacteriocidal - Answer️️ -agent that kills bacteria Bacteriostatic - Answer️️ -inhibits bacterial growth True antibiotic - Answer️️ -a natural substance made by one organism to kill a microorganism antibiotic - Answer️️ -A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms origins of penicillin - Answer️️ -Penicillium mold secretions origins of polymyxin B - Answer️️ -Bacillus polymyxa bacteria origins of streptomycin - Answer️️ -Streptomyces bacterial genus sulfa drugs - Answer️️ -drugs that are synthesized in laboratories; chemotherapeutic agent but NOT a true antibiotic selective toxicity - Answer️️ -a drug's ability to selectively find and destroy pathogens without damaging the host 5 principle mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic agents work - Answer️️ -1. inhibition of cell wall synthesis ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 2 2. inhibition of protein synthesis 3. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 4. cell membrane disruption 5. metabolic antagonism inhibition of cell wall synthesis (antibiotics) - Answer️️ -prevents synthesis of peptidoglycan by binding to certain enzymes thus preventing peptide interbridges between NAG and NAM from forming; cells undergo lysis what type of antibiotics use inhibition of cell wall synthesis as their mechanism? - Answer️️ -penicillin, vancomycin, and others inhibition of protein synthesis (antibiotics) - Answer️️ -some bind to 30S ribosomal subunit, either causing incorrect translation of mRNA transcript or interfere with aminoacyl-tRNA binding others bind to the 50S subunit and prevent peptide bond formation and peptide chain elongation what type of antibiotics use inhibition of protein synthesis as their mechanism? - Answer️️ -target 30S: streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline target 50S: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (antibiotics) - Answer️️ -inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase to interrupt DNA replication and transcription OR may bind to DNA-dependent-RNA- polymerase (blocks RNA synthesis) what type of antibiotics use inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis as their mechanism? - Answer️️ -ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and rifampin ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS Saturday, September 7, 2024 6:58 PM Page | 3 cell membrane disruption (antibiotics) - Answer️️ -bind to plasma membrane of bacterial cells and disrupt its structure/permeability what type of antibiotics use cell membrane disruption as their mechanism? - Answer️️ -polymyxin B metabolic antagonism (antibiotics) - Answer️️ -Usually resemble p-aminobenzoic acid, which is a precursor in the folic acid process. Bacteria synthesize their own folic acid, so if these chemicals are present in high enough quantities, the bacteria will undergo multiple unsuccessful attempts to synthesize folic acid and will then die without it what type of antibiotics use metabolic antagonism as their me