HUN 1201 FSU test 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

HUN 1201 FSU test 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions 5 reasons why we eat what we eat - Answer️️ -Personal preference, habit, ethnic heritage or tradition, social interactions, availability/convenience/ economy Functional foods - Answer️️ -foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels phytochemicals - Answer️️ -non nutrient compounds found in plants. some phytochemical have biological activity in the body. energy - Answer️️ -the capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy. The body can convert this chemical energy to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy nutrients - Answer️️ -chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating gents to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body's tissues. Nutrients may also reduce the risks of some diseases. inorganic - Answer️️ -not containing carbon or pertaining to living organisms. The two classes of nutrients that are inorganic are minerals and water organic - Answer️️ -in chem, substances or molecules containing carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bones that are characteristic of living organisms. The four classes of nutrients that are organic are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 essential nutrients - Answer️️ -nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs; also called indispensable nutrients. About 40 nutrients are currently know to be essential for human beings. ethnic foods - Answer️️ -food associated with particular culture cultural competence - Answer️️ -having an awareness and acceptance of cultures and the ability to interact effectively with people of diverse cultures functional food - Answer️️ -foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels photochemicals - Answer️️ -nonutreint compounds found in plants. Some phytochemical have biological activity in the body. energy - Answer️️ -the capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy. The body can convert this chemical energy to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy nutreints - Answer️️ -chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance , and repair of the body's tissues. Nutrients may also reduce the risk of some diseases. inorganic - Answer️️ -not containing carbon or pertaining to living organisms. The two classics of nutrients that are inorganic are minerals and water organic - Answer️️ -in chem, substances or molecules containing carbon-carbon bones are carbon-hydrogen bonds that are characteristics of living organisms. the four classes of nutrients that are organic are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 essential nutreints - Answer️️ -nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in he sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs, also called indispensable nutrients energy yielding nutrients - Answer️️ -the nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can use -carbohydrates -fat - protien calories - Answer️️ -a measure of heat. energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree celsius. energy from food is measured in Kcals energy density - Answer️️ -a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the weight of the food (kcalroies per gram) yields 4 kcals/g - Answer️️ -carbohydrates yields 9kcals/g - Answer️️ -fats yields 4kcal/g - Answer️️ -protien vitamins - Answer️️ -organic essential nutrients required in small amount by the body for health minerals - Answer️️ -inorganic elements, Some minerals are essential nutrients required in small amounts by the body for health genome - Answer️️ -the complete set of genetic material (DNA) in an organism or a cell. The study of genomes is called geonomics ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 4 nutritional genomics - Answer️️ -the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes (nutrigenomics) and how genes affect the interactions between diet and disease (nutrigenetics) anecdote - Answer️️ -personal account of an experience or event Dietary reference intake - Answer️️ -a set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the united states and Canada. These values are used for planning and assessing diets and include -estimated average requirements (EAR) -Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) -Adequate intakes (AI) - tolerable upper intake levels (UL) requirement - Answer️️ -the lowest continuing intake of nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - Answer️️ -teh average dialy amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - Answer️️ -the average