CCRN Exam Neurology Concepts Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.

oculovestibular reflex assessment - the patient's eyes are held open while ice water is injected slowly into the ear canal and the eye response is observed (cold calorics) positive: eyes move toward the side of the ice water injection- positive is good) Wh brain herniation occurs when ____ - swelling within the brain becomes so severe that structures of the brain are squeezed to the point where blood cannot get up into the brain and death may occur at is the first sign of a neuro problem? - change in LOC, except for an epidural hematoma that may cause pupil changes before an LOC change Circle of Willis definition - a circulatory anastomosis comprised of various arteries that supply blood to the brain, a well developed Circle of Willis allows collateral blood flow to one area from another area in the event of an occlusion all cranial nerves arise from ____ except cranial nervers ____ and ____ which arise from ____ - the brain stem cranial nerves I and II above the brain stem blood supply to the brain includes the ___ and ___ - basal vertebral (supplies lower areas, brain stem) carotids (supply upper areas, L internal carotid is dominant for most people) frontal lobe function - personality, abstract thought, long-term memory temporal lobe function - hearing, sense of taste and smell, interpretations occipital lobe function - vision, visual recognition, reading comprehensionparietal lobe function - obejct recognition by size, weight shape, body part awareness cerebellum function - coordination, balance, gait which arteries is the Circle of Willis composed of? - anterior cerebral artery (L and R), anterior communicating artery, internal carotid artery ( L and R), posterior cerebral artery (L and R), posterior communicating artery (L and R) the ____ and ____ arteries are NOT part of the Circle of Willis - basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) consciousness depends on ____ - an intact cerebral cortex and reticular activating system (RAS) Reticular Activating System (RAS) - a network of neurons connecting the brain stem (lower RAS) to the cortex (higher RAS) Upper RAS is responsible for ____ - awareness Lower RAS is responsible for ____ - the sleep-wake cycle if the lower RAS is damaged, ____ occurs, if only the upper portion of the RAS is damaged, the patient ____ - coma the patient loses awareness but still wakes up and goes to sleep Broca's area - speech/language in L hemisphere Decussation - crossing of motor fibers occurs in the medulla, motor problems are contralateral to the problemBabinski reflex - positive is abnormal in adults (toes flair up toward the head when the bottom of the foot is stroked), due to pressure on pyramidal/motor tracts in cerebrum, found on opposite side of damage Doll's eye assessment - positive: eyes move in the opposite direction of head turn, positive reflex is good ("It's good to be a doll") Cushing's triad is a sign of ____ - herniation of the brain Cushing's triad S/S - increase SBP, widening pulse pressure, decrease heart rate, decreased respiratory rate respiratory patterns are associated with brain-stem abnormalities: -midbrain problem = ____ -pontine problem = ____ -medulla problem = ____ - hyperventilation apneustic breathing ataxic, ARREST