Human Learning, 8th Edition TEST BANK by Ormrod
Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive,
and responding decreases across trials. What is this an example of? -
ANSWER:Sensory adaptation.
Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child. One day while he
was playing catch in a park, a pack of dogs wandered into his view (but they did not
bite or attack him). Now he avoids parks, but not other public places. His change in
behaviour is likely due to - ANSWER:second-order conditioning.
When I was a child, as a joke my mother used to put on a goalie mask, start up her
chain saw, and chase the neighborhood children around until they passed out from
fright. Even now I have a phobia of goalie masks and cannot watch a hockey game
without soiling myself. For me, the goalie mask is a(n): - ANSWER:Conditioned
stimulus
If you are afraid of dogs because you had a bad experience with a dog as a small
child but then your family gets a docile Labradoodle and you have no bad
experiences
with it and so your fear slowly goes away, but then you go to the local park and you
see another Labradoodle and you feel somewhat afraid this is an example of renewal
and it demonstrates that: - ANSWER:Extinction is context-specific.
Which of the following is a sensory preconditioning procedure? - ANSWER:Coffee
and glucose paired together followed by glucose and sickness paired
together followed by a preference test of coffee.
I am involved in a car crash and I am shaken but unhurt. However, when a little
time later, I see a large spider, I am terrified of it. Which account is consistent with
my experiences? - ANSWER:Dual-process theory.
It is possible to make a light reduce a salivation response by training with: -
ANSWER:tone followed by food and tone and light followed by no food
When you initially fall in love you feel extremely happy being in the company of
your lover, after a period of time of being a couple you feel content when you are
together but you feel extremely lonely and sad when your lover goes overseas for six
months. This is consistent with: - ANSWER:Opponent-process theory
After eating a foot-long spicy chili dog at the homecoming game, your friend
becomes violently ill. Now he cannot stand to eat chilli, but still loves hot dogs. His
ability to eat hot dogs was likely spared because of - ANSWER:overshadowing.
"The four-legged furry creature took in and masticated the work that I had done
away from the University." This a description by: - ANSWER:form.
, . An elephant could be trained by a circus trainer to balance on top of a large ball
by using the technique of: - ANSWER:shaping
Which of these statements is the most incorrect. If you punish a child by hitting
them for a particular behaviour - ANSWER:the child will never do it again
Negative reinforcement increases the strength or frequency of a response by
__________ an aversive stimulus. - ANSWER:Removing
According to Premack's Principle if I want to get my teenage children to help out
with the house work then I should: - ANSWER:only allow them access to things that
they choose to do frequently when they have
free choice once they have done the house work.
Kate suffers from a severe fear of heights. A behaviour therapist is likely to
attempt to: - ANSWER:Use principles of conditioning to reduce or remove her fear
Robin sells cars at an auto dealership, and she earns a commission for each car
that she sells. Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should
conclude that Robin's car selling is being reinforced based on a: - ANSWER:fixed-ratio
schedule
I decide to give up smoking because I am moving interstate. According to
conditioned compensatory response theory, what effect will this have on my
chances
of giving up? - ANSWER:It will increase my chances
Giving alcoholics antabuse, a drug which makes them violently ill whenever they
drink alcohol, is effective is reducing alcoholism in a significant number of patients.
Which learning principle is antabuse capitalising on to produce its effect? -
ANSWER:Counterconditioning
In Tversky and Kahneman's experiment examining whether participants would
travel for 20 minutes to save $5 off the price of a $15 calculator or a $125 jacket,
they
found that 68% of participants would travel to buy the cheaper calculator but only
29% of participants would travel to buy the cheaper jacket. They explained this result
by - ANSWER:proposing that participants judged the value of $5 relative to the
purchase price.
What is necessary for conditioning to occur? - ANSWER:For the US to occur when the
CS is present but no when the CS is absent
If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without the US we can expect -
ANSWER:A decrease in the strength of the CR
Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive,
and responding decreases across trials. What is this an example of? -
ANSWER:Sensory adaptation.
Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child. One day while he
was playing catch in a park, a pack of dogs wandered into his view (but they did not
bite or attack him). Now he avoids parks, but not other public places. His change in
behaviour is likely due to - ANSWER:second-order conditioning.
When I was a child, as a joke my mother used to put on a goalie mask, start up her
chain saw, and chase the neighborhood children around until they passed out from
fright. Even now I have a phobia of goalie masks and cannot watch a hockey game
without soiling myself. For me, the goalie mask is a(n): - ANSWER:Conditioned
stimulus
If you are afraid of dogs because you had a bad experience with a dog as a small
child but then your family gets a docile Labradoodle and you have no bad
experiences
with it and so your fear slowly goes away, but then you go to the local park and you
see another Labradoodle and you feel somewhat afraid this is an example of renewal
and it demonstrates that: - ANSWER:Extinction is context-specific.
Which of the following is a sensory preconditioning procedure? - ANSWER:Coffee
and glucose paired together followed by glucose and sickness paired
together followed by a preference test of coffee.
I am involved in a car crash and I am shaken but unhurt. However, when a little
time later, I see a large spider, I am terrified of it. Which account is consistent with
my experiences? - ANSWER:Dual-process theory.
It is possible to make a light reduce a salivation response by training with: -
ANSWER:tone followed by food and tone and light followed by no food
When you initially fall in love you feel extremely happy being in the company of
your lover, after a period of time of being a couple you feel content when you are
together but you feel extremely lonely and sad when your lover goes overseas for six
months. This is consistent with: - ANSWER:Opponent-process theory
After eating a foot-long spicy chili dog at the homecoming game, your friend
becomes violently ill. Now he cannot stand to eat chilli, but still loves hot dogs. His
ability to eat hot dogs was likely spared because of - ANSWER:overshadowing.
"The four-legged furry creature took in and masticated the work that I had done
away from the University." This a description by: - ANSWER:form.
, . An elephant could be trained by a circus trainer to balance on top of a large ball
by using the technique of: - ANSWER:shaping
Which of these statements is the most incorrect. If you punish a child by hitting
them for a particular behaviour - ANSWER:the child will never do it again
Negative reinforcement increases the strength or frequency of a response by
__________ an aversive stimulus. - ANSWER:Removing
According to Premack's Principle if I want to get my teenage children to help out
with the house work then I should: - ANSWER:only allow them access to things that
they choose to do frequently when they have
free choice once they have done the house work.
Kate suffers from a severe fear of heights. A behaviour therapist is likely to
attempt to: - ANSWER:Use principles of conditioning to reduce or remove her fear
Robin sells cars at an auto dealership, and she earns a commission for each car
that she sells. Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should
conclude that Robin's car selling is being reinforced based on a: - ANSWER:fixed-ratio
schedule
I decide to give up smoking because I am moving interstate. According to
conditioned compensatory response theory, what effect will this have on my
chances
of giving up? - ANSWER:It will increase my chances
Giving alcoholics antabuse, a drug which makes them violently ill whenever they
drink alcohol, is effective is reducing alcoholism in a significant number of patients.
Which learning principle is antabuse capitalising on to produce its effect? -
ANSWER:Counterconditioning
In Tversky and Kahneman's experiment examining whether participants would
travel for 20 minutes to save $5 off the price of a $15 calculator or a $125 jacket,
they
found that 68% of participants would travel to buy the cheaper calculator but only
29% of participants would travel to buy the cheaper jacket. They explained this result
by - ANSWER:proposing that participants judged the value of $5 relative to the
purchase price.
What is necessary for conditioning to occur? - ANSWER:For the US to occur when the
CS is present but no when the CS is absent
If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without the US we can expect -
ANSWER:A decrease in the strength of the CR
