Human Learning, 8th Edition TEST BANK by Ormrod
Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about how people
perceive the world around them? - ANSWER:People often fill in information that
they do not actually sense.
A teacher tells his class, "For tomorrow's class, read pages 23 to 49 in your
geography book." Three of the following students are demonstrating the process of
construction in their perceptions of what their teacher has said. Which student is
not? - ANSWER:Anthony doesn't hear what the teacher says because his mind is on
something else.
Maria moved to this country several months ago. She has been studying English as a
second language but still has much to learn about the language of her new
homeland. One day her teacher tells the class, "Bring an empty coffee can to school
tomorrow for a project we're going to do." Maria hears only two familiar words
—"coffee" and "school"—and guesses that her teacher is saying that students should
not drink coffee at school. Maria's misinterpretation illustrates which one of the
following? - ANSWER:Construction in storage
Of the following four teachers, which one is probably presenting an ambiguous
stimulus to students? - ANSWER:Mr. Benedict stares at a student without smiling.
In an early investigation of memory, Frederic Bartlett asked students to read a story
called The War of the Ghosts and then on later occasions asked them to recall the
story. Bartlett made a number of observations about how students' recollections of
the story were different from the story itself. Which of the following was not one of
his observations? - ANSWER:Students retold the story in a way that made little
sense.
Nicole learns the formula "E = mc2" by repeating it to herself over and over again.
Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating? -
ANSWER:rehearsal
To learn how to spell rhinoceros, Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over
again without really thinking about what she is saying. Considering research findings
about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be: -
ANSWER:Relatively ineffective
Travis realizes that the year World War II ended—1945—is the same year that his
grandfather was born. Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly
demonstrating? - ANSWER:meaningful learning
Considering research described in the textbook regarding meaningful learning, which
one of the following students is most likely to remember what the word effervescent
, means? - ANSWER:Betty thinks, "The word describes me...I have a bubbly
personality."
To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart
that lists the Spanish explorers together, the Portuguese explorers together, the
French explorers together, and so on. Which one of the following processes is Jessica
most clearly demonstrating? - ANSWER:internal organization
Jeff wants to remember the twelve signs of the zodiac: Aries (ram), Taurus (bull),
Gemini (twins), Cancer (crab), Leo (lion), Virgo (virgin), Libra (balance), Scorpio
(scorpion), Sagittarius (archer), Capricorn (goat), Aquarius (water carrier), and Pisces
(fish). He does not necessarily want to remember them in any particular order.
Considering research results described in the textbook, which one of the following
techniques will maximize Jeff's chances of remembering all twelve? -
ANSWER:Organize the signs into three groups: people, animals, and things.
Tyler learns that Christopher Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic was
financed by Queen Isabella of Spain. He thinks to himself, "She probably thought she
would make a profit on her investment." When he stops to consider the queen's
motives, Tyler is demonstrating which one of the following processes? -
ANSWER:elaboration
To pass the time one day, Keisha multiplies 2 by 2 by 2 by 2 ... and so on, on her
calculator. She observes that the products increase in size more dramatically with
each calculation. A few weeks later, when her math teacher explains what it means
for something to increase exponentially, Keisha realizes that she has already
discovered this idea on her own, and she remembers it better as a result. Which one
of the following concepts best characterizes Keisha's enhanced understanding of an
exponential increase? - ANSWER:The generation effect
A biology teacher wants students to remember the various components of a cell
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane). Considering what research tells us about long-
term memory storage, the teacher would be well advised to help students encode
information about the cell: - ANSWER:In both visual and verbal forms, because
multiple forms of encoding increase the likelihood of retrieval
The four students described below are using visual imagery to try to remember
information. Considering what theorists and researchers say about the strengths and
weaknesses of visual imagery, only one student is likely to remember this
information accurately. Which one? - ANSWER:Cora studies 30 pictures at an art
museum. The following day she is asked to identify them from among 60 pictures.
Which one of the following statements best describes how learners are apt to
acquire procedural knowledge? - ANSWER:In some cases, learners first learn it as
declarative knowledge; with time and practice, it gradually becomes procedural
knowledge.
Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about how people
perceive the world around them? - ANSWER:People often fill in information that
they do not actually sense.
A teacher tells his class, "For tomorrow's class, read pages 23 to 49 in your
geography book." Three of the following students are demonstrating the process of
construction in their perceptions of what their teacher has said. Which student is
not? - ANSWER:Anthony doesn't hear what the teacher says because his mind is on
something else.
Maria moved to this country several months ago. She has been studying English as a
second language but still has much to learn about the language of her new
homeland. One day her teacher tells the class, "Bring an empty coffee can to school
tomorrow for a project we're going to do." Maria hears only two familiar words
—"coffee" and "school"—and guesses that her teacher is saying that students should
not drink coffee at school. Maria's misinterpretation illustrates which one of the
following? - ANSWER:Construction in storage
Of the following four teachers, which one is probably presenting an ambiguous
stimulus to students? - ANSWER:Mr. Benedict stares at a student without smiling.
In an early investigation of memory, Frederic Bartlett asked students to read a story
called The War of the Ghosts and then on later occasions asked them to recall the
story. Bartlett made a number of observations about how students' recollections of
the story were different from the story itself. Which of the following was not one of
his observations? - ANSWER:Students retold the story in a way that made little
sense.
Nicole learns the formula "E = mc2" by repeating it to herself over and over again.
Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating? -
ANSWER:rehearsal
To learn how to spell rhinoceros, Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over
again without really thinking about what she is saying. Considering research findings
about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paula's strategy will be: -
ANSWER:Relatively ineffective
Travis realizes that the year World War II ended—1945—is the same year that his
grandfather was born. Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly
demonstrating? - ANSWER:meaningful learning
Considering research described in the textbook regarding meaningful learning, which
one of the following students is most likely to remember what the word effervescent
, means? - ANSWER:Betty thinks, "The word describes me...I have a bubbly
personality."
To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart
that lists the Spanish explorers together, the Portuguese explorers together, the
French explorers together, and so on. Which one of the following processes is Jessica
most clearly demonstrating? - ANSWER:internal organization
Jeff wants to remember the twelve signs of the zodiac: Aries (ram), Taurus (bull),
Gemini (twins), Cancer (crab), Leo (lion), Virgo (virgin), Libra (balance), Scorpio
(scorpion), Sagittarius (archer), Capricorn (goat), Aquarius (water carrier), and Pisces
(fish). He does not necessarily want to remember them in any particular order.
Considering research results described in the textbook, which one of the following
techniques will maximize Jeff's chances of remembering all twelve? -
ANSWER:Organize the signs into three groups: people, animals, and things.
Tyler learns that Christopher Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic was
financed by Queen Isabella of Spain. He thinks to himself, "She probably thought she
would make a profit on her investment." When he stops to consider the queen's
motives, Tyler is demonstrating which one of the following processes? -
ANSWER:elaboration
To pass the time one day, Keisha multiplies 2 by 2 by 2 by 2 ... and so on, on her
calculator. She observes that the products increase in size more dramatically with
each calculation. A few weeks later, when her math teacher explains what it means
for something to increase exponentially, Keisha realizes that she has already
discovered this idea on her own, and she remembers it better as a result. Which one
of the following concepts best characterizes Keisha's enhanced understanding of an
exponential increase? - ANSWER:The generation effect
A biology teacher wants students to remember the various components of a cell
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane). Considering what research tells us about long-
term memory storage, the teacher would be well advised to help students encode
information about the cell: - ANSWER:In both visual and verbal forms, because
multiple forms of encoding increase the likelihood of retrieval
The four students described below are using visual imagery to try to remember
information. Considering what theorists and researchers say about the strengths and
weaknesses of visual imagery, only one student is likely to remember this
information accurately. Which one? - ANSWER:Cora studies 30 pictures at an art
museum. The following day she is asked to identify them from among 60 pictures.
Which one of the following statements best describes how learners are apt to
acquire procedural knowledge? - ANSWER:In some cases, learners first learn it as
declarative knowledge; with time and practice, it gradually becomes procedural
knowledge.
