NUR 4410 Exam 2 Guide With
Complete Solution
The heart and other components of the circulatory system begin to develop
from the mesoderm during the ____ week of gestation and are completely
forms by the _______ week. - ANSWER fourth and eighth
cardiac output - ANSWER the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1
minute
contraction = - ANSWER systole
relaxation= - ANSWER diastole
mothers with a history of lupus erythematosus snd diabetes put at risk their
child for - ANSWER heart disease
What kids have a lot of heart defects? - ANSWER Down syndrome
The heart begins to form at __ weeks gestation. - ANSWER 3
The heart beats at what day? - ANSWER 28 days gestation
Normal fetal shunts are - ANSWER the ductus venous, foramen ovale, and
ductus arteriosus
a newborns and infants heart rate ranges from ______-_____ BPM - ANSWER
100-180
What are some of the causes of defects, contributing to the mother? -
ANSWER smoking, diabetic moms, HTN, medications (seizure meds), viruses
(rubella/chicken pox)
,The nurse is assessing a newborn and notices that the chest wall is sort of a
barrel shape, this finding is? - ANSWER Normal
What are some diagnostic tests that can be completed when looking for
abnormalities of the heart and shunts? - ANSWER cardiac enzymes (but
usually not tested), x-ray, pulse ox, ECG, ECHO, holter monitor
Cardiac catheterization can be completed how? - ANSWER usually through
the right and left leg or sometimes even through the liver
Before a child goes to the cath lab for catheterization the nurse should prep
how? - ANSWER vitals, electrolyte monitoring, neuro checks, NPO (6hrs),
pedal pulses, and aware of allergies
After the child returns from the cath lab the nurse should? - ANSWER take
vitals every 15-30 mins, look at the dressing and assess, check for pulses,
check color and temperature of extremities especially legs, put on CLEAR
liquid diet
Congenital heart disease can mainly be caused by what in kids? - ANSWER
viruses
Kids usually have ______ heart failure. - ANSWER simultaneous
DO NOT feed tachypneic patients when their RR is - ANSWER 100-110
What is the main indicator of heart disease in children? - ANSWER weight
gain (from fluids)
the formula (formula)= - ANSWER 1 scoop of powder to 2oz of water
A patient has CHD what is the nursing care for this child? - ANSWER
PROMOTE rest, HOB raised or put in a bouncy seat, limit volumes in formula,
, NG tube (if baby because they loose energy quickly when feeding), CAN use
breast milk but put it in a bottle, monitor oxygen, medications (Digoxin and
Lasix)
What are the two main drugs given for CHD? - ANSWER Digoxin (slows HR
and improves contractility and Lasix (gets rid of excess fluids)
Why are shunt defects seen so often in premies? - ANSWER because their
shunts aren't fully developed/closed
failure of the ductus arteriosus, which is the artery connecting the aorta and
the pulmonary artery, to close within the first weeks of life. left-right shunt -
ANSWER PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
What are the s/s of PDA? - ANSWER respiratory problems, pulmonary HTN,
heart failure signs,
What is the treatment of PDA? - ANSWER indomethacin (IVIG), surgical
ligation/left thoracotomy, or coils embolization to occlude
Diagnosis of PDA? - ANSWER ECHO, x-ray, hear a murmur ("machinery like")
Abnormal opening between the atria, allowing blood from the
higher-pressure left atrium to flow into the lower pressure right atrium (3
types); left to right shunt - ANSWER ASD (atrial septal defect)
s/s of ASD? - ANSWER asymptomatic, exercise intolerence, later in life heart
failure
What is the treatment for ASD? Diagnosis? - ANSWER amplatzer septal
occluder (during catheterization), open heart surgery. ECHO
What is VSD? - ANSWER ventricular septal defect. abnormal opening
Complete Solution
The heart and other components of the circulatory system begin to develop
from the mesoderm during the ____ week of gestation and are completely
forms by the _______ week. - ANSWER fourth and eighth
cardiac output - ANSWER the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1
minute
contraction = - ANSWER systole
relaxation= - ANSWER diastole
mothers with a history of lupus erythematosus snd diabetes put at risk their
child for - ANSWER heart disease
What kids have a lot of heart defects? - ANSWER Down syndrome
The heart begins to form at __ weeks gestation. - ANSWER 3
The heart beats at what day? - ANSWER 28 days gestation
Normal fetal shunts are - ANSWER the ductus venous, foramen ovale, and
ductus arteriosus
a newborns and infants heart rate ranges from ______-_____ BPM - ANSWER
100-180
What are some of the causes of defects, contributing to the mother? -
ANSWER smoking, diabetic moms, HTN, medications (seizure meds), viruses
(rubella/chicken pox)
,The nurse is assessing a newborn and notices that the chest wall is sort of a
barrel shape, this finding is? - ANSWER Normal
What are some diagnostic tests that can be completed when looking for
abnormalities of the heart and shunts? - ANSWER cardiac enzymes (but
usually not tested), x-ray, pulse ox, ECG, ECHO, holter monitor
Cardiac catheterization can be completed how? - ANSWER usually through
the right and left leg or sometimes even through the liver
Before a child goes to the cath lab for catheterization the nurse should prep
how? - ANSWER vitals, electrolyte monitoring, neuro checks, NPO (6hrs),
pedal pulses, and aware of allergies
After the child returns from the cath lab the nurse should? - ANSWER take
vitals every 15-30 mins, look at the dressing and assess, check for pulses,
check color and temperature of extremities especially legs, put on CLEAR
liquid diet
Congenital heart disease can mainly be caused by what in kids? - ANSWER
viruses
Kids usually have ______ heart failure. - ANSWER simultaneous
DO NOT feed tachypneic patients when their RR is - ANSWER 100-110
What is the main indicator of heart disease in children? - ANSWER weight
gain (from fluids)
the formula (formula)= - ANSWER 1 scoop of powder to 2oz of water
A patient has CHD what is the nursing care for this child? - ANSWER
PROMOTE rest, HOB raised or put in a bouncy seat, limit volumes in formula,
, NG tube (if baby because they loose energy quickly when feeding), CAN use
breast milk but put it in a bottle, monitor oxygen, medications (Digoxin and
Lasix)
What are the two main drugs given for CHD? - ANSWER Digoxin (slows HR
and improves contractility and Lasix (gets rid of excess fluids)
Why are shunt defects seen so often in premies? - ANSWER because their
shunts aren't fully developed/closed
failure of the ductus arteriosus, which is the artery connecting the aorta and
the pulmonary artery, to close within the first weeks of life. left-right shunt -
ANSWER PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
What are the s/s of PDA? - ANSWER respiratory problems, pulmonary HTN,
heart failure signs,
What is the treatment of PDA? - ANSWER indomethacin (IVIG), surgical
ligation/left thoracotomy, or coils embolization to occlude
Diagnosis of PDA? - ANSWER ECHO, x-ray, hear a murmur ("machinery like")
Abnormal opening between the atria, allowing blood from the
higher-pressure left atrium to flow into the lower pressure right atrium (3
types); left to right shunt - ANSWER ASD (atrial septal defect)
s/s of ASD? - ANSWER asymptomatic, exercise intolerence, later in life heart
failure
What is the treatment for ASD? Diagnosis? - ANSWER amplatzer septal
occluder (during catheterization), open heart surgery. ECHO
What is VSD? - ANSWER ventricular septal defect. abnormal opening
