Child Psychopathology Test 3
Some children with ADHD are described as having a "sluggish cognitive tempo." Which
of the following best characterizes these children? - ANSWER: Many inattentive
symptoms but almost no hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
Carey is an 11-year-old girl with ADHD. Which of the following is likely true regarding
the functioning of her frontal-striatal neural circuit? - ANSWER: Stimulant medication will
activate this circuit, causing her to show greater behavioral control and attention
Multimodal psychosocial therapy (MPT) is a behavioral treatment for children with
ADHD that includes parent training, educational skills training, and social skills training.
What is the chief limitation of MPT? - ANSWER: Most people cannot find psychologists
in their area who are trained in MPT.
In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, he or she must show attentive or
hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms that are inconsistent with his or her developmental
level. How do most psychologists determine whether a child meets this criterion? -
ANSWER: The psychologist relies on a norm-referenced behavior rating scale.
In determining the causes of ADHD in children, which of the following factors usually
explains most of the variance in children's ADHD symptoms? - ANSWER: Genetic risk
factors
ADHD in childhood uniquely predicts ___ later in adolescence and young adulthood. -
ANSWER: cigarette smoking
In DSM-IV, children with ADHD were classified into various ADHD subtypes. These
subtypes are not used in DSM-5. Why not? - ANSWER: Many children changed their
subtype over time.
Summer treatment programs (STPs) are sometimes used to help children with ADHD.
What is the evidence of their effectiveness in managing children's inattentive and
hyperactive-impulsive symptoms? - ANSWER: Within-subjects studies using BAB
designs suggest that STPs are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms, but treatment
benefits do not last long after the treatment ends.
Valerie is the mother of a preschool-age boy who shows significant problems with
hyperactivity at home and at preschool. His pediatrician diagnosed him with ADHD and
has recommended a trial dose of stimulant medication. Based on the results of the
Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS), what might Valerie expect if her son begins
taking this medication? - ANSWER: Most children with ADHD in the PATS study
improved, but many also experienced significant side effects.
, Parent training is a commonly recommended nonpharmaceutical treatment for children
with ADHD. How effective is parent training when used without medication? - ANSWER:
Children who participate in parent training show significant improvements in behavior,
but usually continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
Most molecular genetics research has implicated genes that regulate the
neurotransmitter ___ in the emergence and maintenance of ADHD. - ANSWER:
dopamine
Atomoxetine (Strattera) is different from most other medications used to treat ADHD
because ___. - ANSWER: it is not a stimulant medication
What is the primary difference between the DSM-5 conceptualization of ADHD in
children compared to in adults? - ANSWER: Adults can meet criteria for ADHD with
fewer symptoms than children
Which of the following statements is true regarding the DSM-5 definition of ADHD? -
ANSWER: A child without significant attention problems can still be diagnosed with
ADHD.
Collectively, the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus are known as the ____. Many
children with ADHD show underdevelopment of this brain region. - ANSWER: striatum
Children with ADHD are often assessed by examining their scores on continuous
performance tests. What do these tests measure? - ANSWER: Children's executive
functioning
Janice is the mother of an 8-year-old boy who was recently diagnosed with ADHD. She
wants to know if her son will always have problems with inattention and hyperactivity-
impulsivity or if he will "grow out of" his symptoms over time. Based on the results of
longitudinal studies, how might you respond? - ANSWER: Some children with ADHD no
longer meet criteria for the disorder by the time they reach adolescence; most children
continue to show symptoms.
Which of the following is the best example of a nonshared environmental factor that
might partially explain the emergence of ADHD in children? - ANSWER: A mother's
health during gestation and delivery
Barkley's neurodevelopmental model for ADHD posits that problems with the
development of working memory, internalized speech, emotion regulation, and creative
problem solving underlie children's ADHD symptoms. Collectively, these four skills are
known as the ___. - ANSWER: executive functions
Some children with ADHD are described as having a "sluggish cognitive tempo." Which
of the following best characterizes these children? - ANSWER: Many inattentive
symptoms but almost no hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
Carey is an 11-year-old girl with ADHD. Which of the following is likely true regarding
the functioning of her frontal-striatal neural circuit? - ANSWER: Stimulant medication will
activate this circuit, causing her to show greater behavioral control and attention
Multimodal psychosocial therapy (MPT) is a behavioral treatment for children with
ADHD that includes parent training, educational skills training, and social skills training.
What is the chief limitation of MPT? - ANSWER: Most people cannot find psychologists
in their area who are trained in MPT.
In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, he or she must show attentive or
hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms that are inconsistent with his or her developmental
level. How do most psychologists determine whether a child meets this criterion? -
ANSWER: The psychologist relies on a norm-referenced behavior rating scale.
In determining the causes of ADHD in children, which of the following factors usually
explains most of the variance in children's ADHD symptoms? - ANSWER: Genetic risk
factors
ADHD in childhood uniquely predicts ___ later in adolescence and young adulthood. -
ANSWER: cigarette smoking
In DSM-IV, children with ADHD were classified into various ADHD subtypes. These
subtypes are not used in DSM-5. Why not? - ANSWER: Many children changed their
subtype over time.
Summer treatment programs (STPs) are sometimes used to help children with ADHD.
What is the evidence of their effectiveness in managing children's inattentive and
hyperactive-impulsive symptoms? - ANSWER: Within-subjects studies using BAB
designs suggest that STPs are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms, but treatment
benefits do not last long after the treatment ends.
Valerie is the mother of a preschool-age boy who shows significant problems with
hyperactivity at home and at preschool. His pediatrician diagnosed him with ADHD and
has recommended a trial dose of stimulant medication. Based on the results of the
Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS), what might Valerie expect if her son begins
taking this medication? - ANSWER: Most children with ADHD in the PATS study
improved, but many also experienced significant side effects.
, Parent training is a commonly recommended nonpharmaceutical treatment for children
with ADHD. How effective is parent training when used without medication? - ANSWER:
Children who participate in parent training show significant improvements in behavior,
but usually continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
Most molecular genetics research has implicated genes that regulate the
neurotransmitter ___ in the emergence and maintenance of ADHD. - ANSWER:
dopamine
Atomoxetine (Strattera) is different from most other medications used to treat ADHD
because ___. - ANSWER: it is not a stimulant medication
What is the primary difference between the DSM-5 conceptualization of ADHD in
children compared to in adults? - ANSWER: Adults can meet criteria for ADHD with
fewer symptoms than children
Which of the following statements is true regarding the DSM-5 definition of ADHD? -
ANSWER: A child without significant attention problems can still be diagnosed with
ADHD.
Collectively, the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus are known as the ____. Many
children with ADHD show underdevelopment of this brain region. - ANSWER: striatum
Children with ADHD are often assessed by examining their scores on continuous
performance tests. What do these tests measure? - ANSWER: Children's executive
functioning
Janice is the mother of an 8-year-old boy who was recently diagnosed with ADHD. She
wants to know if her son will always have problems with inattention and hyperactivity-
impulsivity or if he will "grow out of" his symptoms over time. Based on the results of
longitudinal studies, how might you respond? - ANSWER: Some children with ADHD no
longer meet criteria for the disorder by the time they reach adolescence; most children
continue to show symptoms.
Which of the following is the best example of a nonshared environmental factor that
might partially explain the emergence of ADHD in children? - ANSWER: A mother's
health during gestation and delivery
Barkley's neurodevelopmental model for ADHD posits that problems with the
development of working memory, internalized speech, emotion regulation, and creative
problem solving underlie children's ADHD symptoms. Collectively, these four skills are
known as the ___. - ANSWER: executive functions
